日韩精品久久一区二区三区_亚洲色图p_亚洲综合在线最大成人_国产中出在线观看_日韩免费_亚洲综合在线一区

Global EditionASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
Europe

Barbarians at the monetary gate

By Andrew Sheng and Xiao Geng | China Daily Europe | Updated: 2017-09-22 09:03
Share
Share - WeChat

Central banks must act now to rein in the very real threats that private cryptocurrencies pose

One factor could further destabilize an already tenuous system based on leverage and liquidity: digital currencies. Policymakers have far less control in this realm than they do elsewhere.

The concept of private cryptocurrencies was born of mistrust of official money. In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto - the mysterious creator of bitcoin, the first decentralized digital currency - described it as a "purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash", which would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution.

A working paper by the International Monetary Fund last year distinguished digital currency (legal tender that can be digitized) from virtual currency (nonlegal tender). Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, or a kind of virtual currency that uses cryptography and distributed ledgers - the blockchain - to keep transactions both public and fully anonymous.

However you slice it, the fact is that nine years after Nakamoto introduced bitcoin, the concept of private electronic money is poised to transform the financial market landscape.

This month, the value of one bitcoin reached $4,483 (3,736 euros; 3,322) with a market capitalization of $74.5 billion, more than five times larger than at the beginning of the year. Whether this is a bubble destined to burst or a sign of a more radical shift in the concept of money, the implications for central banking and financial stability will be profound.

At first, central bankers and regulators were rather supportive of the innovation represented by bitcoin and the blockchain that underpins it. It is difficult to argue that people should not be allowed to use a privately created asset to settle transactions without the involvement of the state.

But national authorities were wary of potential illegal uses of such assets, reflected in the bitcoin-enabled, dark web marketplace called Silk Road, a clearinghouse for, among other things, illicit drugs. Silk Road was shut down in 2013, but more such marketplaces have sprung up.

When the bitcoin exchange MT Gox failed in 2014, some central banks, such as the People's Bank of China, started discouraging the use of bitcoin. By November 2015, the Bank for International Settlements' Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures - made up of 10 major central banks - launched an in-depth examination of digital currencies.

But the danger of cryptocurrencies extends beyond the facilitation of illegal activities. Like conventional currencies, cryptocurrencies have no intrinsic value. But, unlike official money, they also have no corresponding liability, meaning that there is no institution like a central bank with a vested interest in sustaining their value.

Instead, cryptocurrencies function based on the willingness of people engaged in transactions to treat them as negotiable instruments. With the value of the proposition depending on attracting more and more users, cryptocurrencies take on the quality of a Ponzi scheme.

As the scale of cryptocurrency use expands, so do the potential consequences of a collapse. Already, the market capitalization of cryptocurrencies amounts to nearly one-tenth the value of the physical stock of official gold, with the capability to handle significantly larger payment operations, owing to low transaction costs. That means cryptocurrencies are already systemic in scale.

There is no telling how far this trend will go. Technically, the supply of cryptocurrencies is infinite: bitcoin is capped at 21 million units, but this can be increased if a majority of "miners" - those who add transaction records to the public ledger - agree. Demand is related to the mistrust of conventional stores of value. If people fear that excessive taxation, regulation, or social or financial instability places their assets at risk, they will increasingly turn to cryptocurrencies.

Last year's International Monetary Fund report indicated that cryptocurrencies have already been used to circumvent exchange and capital controls in countries such as Cyprus, Greece and Venezuela. For countries subject to political uncertainty or social unrest, cryptocurrencies offer an attractive mechanism of capital flight, exacerbating the difficulties of maintaining domestic financial stability.

Moreover, while the state has no role in managing cryptocurrencies, it will be responsible for cleaning up any mess left by a burst bubble. And the mess could be substantial, depending on where and when a bubble bursts. In advanced economies with reserve currencies, central banks may be able to mitigate the damage. The same may not be true for emerging economies.

An invasive plant species does not pose an immediate threat to the largest trees in the forest. But it doesn't take long for less-developed systems - the saplings on the forest floor - to feel the effects. Cryptocurrencies are not merely new invasive species to watch with interest: Central banks must act now to rein in the very real threats they pose.

Andrew Sheng is a distinguished fellow at the Asia Global Institute at the University of Hong Kong and a member of the UNEP Advisory Council on Sustainable Finance. Xiao Geng, president of the Hong Kong Institution for International Finance, is a professor at the University of Hong Kong.

(China Daily European Weekly 09/22/2017 page13)

Today's Top News

Editor's picks

Most Viewed

Top
BACK TO THE TOP
English
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
主站蜘蛛池模板: 成人18免费观看的软件 | av黄色在线观看 | 国产精品视频观看 | 成人在线视频黄色 | 亚洲综合精品 | 免费播放欧美一级特黄 | 成人av一区二区三区 | 毛片链接| 国产综合一区二区 | 日韩精品专区在线影院重磅 | 国产在线观看免费 | www国产精品 | 欧美专区视频 | 国产精品国产三级在线专区 | 久久www免费人成看片高清 | 免费一区 | 欧美高清在线精品一区二区不卡 | 艹逼免费视频 | 久久精彩免费视频 | 精品尤物 | 狠狠操麻豆 | 日韩精品一区二区三区在线观看 | 天天操bb | 91高清视频在线 | 久久亚洲欧美日韩精品专区 | 爱爱视频天天干 | 500av导航大全精品 | 国产在线中文字幕 | 久草色香蕉 | 欧美精品在线免费观看 | 天天干天天干天天干天天干天天干 | 91在线免费观看网站 | 91视频青娱乐 | 国产亚洲欧美另类第一页 | 国产熟妇久久777777 | 欧美成人私人视频88在线观看 | α片毛片 | 犬夜叉在线观看 | 久久我们这里只有精品国产4 | 久草热线 | 国产精品无码永久免费888 |