Furthermore, the anti-dumping protection comes at a rather high price for users and consumers in the EU.

Users and consumers in the EU pay significantly higher prices on purchases from EU producers (10 percent) and on imports from non-targeted countries (5 percent) and targeted countries (28 percent plus 30 percent duty, on average).

The calculations suggest that, with every one euro gained in the protected sector, users and consumers pay, on average, 4.5 euros in higher prices and tariffs.