According to China's sixth national census, conducted in 2010, there are 30,875 ethnic Ewenki living in the country, compared with their 37,000-odd counterparts in Russia.

About 88 percent of the Ewenki people in China live in Hulunbuir in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. Hulunbuir's Ewenki autonomous banner has approximately 10,000 Ewenki residents and is the country's largest hub for the ethnic group.

The Ewenki language belongs to the Manchu-Tungusic language group, which is widely distributed across Northern Asia. Although "Ewenki" means "The people who live deep in the mountains" in their language, most Ewenki people in China have settled down in agrarian and pastural areas. The situation is similar among the Oroqen and the Daur, two other indigenous ethnic groups that live in the Greater Hinggan Mountain range.