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Updated: 2002-01-16 01:00

Bush's Choking Episode Shows Chewing Is Important (2002/01/16)
"餅干事件"讓布什吸取教訓:細嚼慢咽太重要了!(2002/01/16)
President Bush has learned the hard way that his mother was right -- you should not stuff dry pretzels down your gullet and you should pay attention when eating, an expert said on January 14.

Doctors said there were several possible medical explanations for the incident on Sunday in which Bush apparently passed out after a pretzel went down the wrong way.

Dr. William Ravich said choking can cause a person to faint, an occurrence known as vasovagal syncope.

Pain, such as that caused by a cramp or choking, sends a signal to the vagus nerve, which in turns signals the heart, slowing it down so much that the person faints.

``It refers to a neurologically mediated fainting episode that is usually brought on by stress or pain,'' Ravich said in a telephone interview.

``It is something like when a person sees blood, he or she faints from the sight of blood,'' Ravich said. ``It is a stress-related response. ... If somebody felt he couldn't breathe, stress could cause you to lose consciousness. It would essentially lower blood pressure.''

If Bush coughed and coughed to get rid of the pretzel, he could also have fainted from that, Ravich said, simply having one's trachea blocked by food can also cause a faint.

``It is the type of thing the Heimlich maneuver is performed for,'' he said.

The Heimlich maneuver is a carefully placed push that can help dislodge an object from a choking person's throat.

``Choking can occur if a person is distracted,'' he said, ''Maybe presidents are more distracted than others,'' he added.

Choking can also be caused by a number of disorders, especially if the many muscles involved in swallowing do not work together.

So was grandma right when she advised chewing 30 times before swallowing? "Who would possibly count?'' Ravich asked. ``You swallow 600 times a day. Those are old wives tales. But you do want to chew your food and when people get in trouble is when they are not paying attention to chewing.''

Notes:
Pass out: lose consciousness; faint
Bring on: lead to, cause or result in something
Old wives' tale: old and usually foolish idea or belief

(Agencies)

一位專家1月14日說,1月13日發生的"餅干事件"著實美國總統布什吃了苦頭(布什1月13日晚因被一塊餅干噎住而昏厥,摔倒在白宮,不省人事長達數秒),不過這也讓布什認識到母親的教導是多么的正確:吃餅干的時候一定要細嚼慢咽,吃東西要精神集中。

1月13日晚上,布什由于被餅干噎住而引起休克,對此醫生認為從醫學角度分析有幾種可能。

威廉·拉維奇醫生說窒息可以引起昏厥,這種情況稱為血管迷走神經性昏厥。

抽搐或者窒息引起的疼痛會向迷走神經傳送信息,然后這種信息又會傳到心臟,導致心跳速度減慢,這樣就會引起昏厥。

拉維奇在電話采訪中說:"這種昏厥實際上是一種神經調節過程,通常是由緊張或者疼痛引起的。"

引起布什昏厥的餅干pretzel

拉維奇說:"就像有的人一看到血就會暈倒一樣,這是一種由精神緊張引起的反應……如果一個人感到不能呼吸,緊張的情緒就會導致知覺的喪失,從本質上講,這種緊張直接導致了人們血壓的降低。"

對于布什總統的"餅干事件"拉維奇醫生還說,即使當時布什總統努力將餅干咳出來,他同樣可能由于精神緊張而昏厥, 因為食道被堵也會引起昏厥。

他說:"這種情況可以通過海姆利克氏操作法進行急救。"

海姆利克氏操作法是一種將異物從哽噎者氣管中擠壓出來的急救方法,(其做法是用力在患者的上腹部迅速向上施壓,以從肺部擠壓出空氣)。

拉維奇醫生說:"人們進食過程中如果精神不集中就可能引起哽噎。可能總統吃東西的時候比別人精神更加不集中吧。"

此外,還有其他的情況也可以引起哽噎,特別是吞咽肌肉活動不協調的時候,也會引起哽噎。

有句老話說"細嚼慢咽保平安"。拉維奇醫生說:"有誰計算過,我們每天要作600次吞咽的動作。盡管是老生常談,但是吃東西的時候,我們確實應該細嚼慢咽。人們吃東西時如果注意力不集中的話,往往就會引起麻煩。"

(中國日報網站譯)

 
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