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Updated: 2004-01-16 01:00

Mummified lion unearthed in Egypt
首具獅子木乃伊驚現(xiàn)埃及
Archaeologists have uncovered the first example of a lion mummified by the ancient Egyptians, in the tomb of the woman who helped rear King Tutankhamun.

Although the breeding and burial of lions as sacred animals in Egypt is mentioned by ancient sources, to date no one had found a mummified specimen.

The male lion is amongst the largest known to science and its bones show it lived to an old age in captivity.

Details of the discovery are published in the scientific journal Nature.

The lion was found in a tomb at Saqqara in northern Egypt belonging to Maia, wet nurse to Tutankhamun, who was buried in about 1430 BC.

However, in the last centuries BC, the tomb was re-used for the burial of humans and then animals - mostly mummified cats.

Analysis of the teeth, particularly the wear on them, show that the lion lived to be very old and must have been kept in captivity.

Alan Lloyd, professor of classics and ancient history at the University of Wales, Swansea, said: "The lion is a creature that has a long association with the king [of Egypt]. The king was thought of as a lion and as having the qualities of a lion. The qualities the Egyptians were interested in, of course, were martial."

In the last few centuries BC, Egypt was under invasion by waves of outsiders, from Iraq, Nubia (which today comprises parts of Sudan and Egypt) and Greece.

The surge of interest in animal cults may be the ancient Egyptians' way of asserting their identity in the presence of these newcomers.

"I think this should be regarded as an expression of Egyptian nationalism," said Professor Lloyd.

Professor Lloyd said he had heard rumours in the early 1970s of a mummified lion being found in Egypt. However, the person excavating the lion apparently was not interested in it and the location of the find was lost.

The lion was found lying on a rock with its head turned north and its body orientated toward the east. Its bone measurements are amongst the largest ever recorded for a male lion.

In addition to cats, the Egyptians also mummified dogs, birds, snakes and monkeys.

(Agencies)

考古學(xué)家日前在一名埃及婦女的墓中挖掘出首具古埃及獅子木乃伊。這位婦女曾經(jīng)撫養(yǎng)過圖坦卡門法老。

盡管有古代文獻記載獅子在古埃及被看作神圣的動物來喂養(yǎng)和埋葬,然而在此之前,還沒人發(fā)現(xiàn)過獅子木乃伊標本。

這只雄獅是目前科學(xué)界所知的最大的獅子之一。從它的骨骼來看,它一直被圈養(yǎng),而且壽命很長。

有關(guān)這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的詳細資料發(fā)表在《自然》科學(xué)期刊上。

這只獅子木乃伊是在埃及北部村莊塞加拉的一個墳?zāi)怪斜话l(fā)現(xiàn)的。墳?zāi)沟闹魅耸菆D坦卡門的奶媽邁亞,大約在公元前1430年葬于此地。

然而,從公元前幾百年開始,這個墳?zāi)怪匦卤挥脕砺裨崛撕蛣游铩蠖鄶?shù)是貓木乃伊。

考古學(xué)家在對該木乃伊的牙齒,特別是牙齒磨損程度分析后得出結(jié)論:這只獅子年紀很大,而且肯定是被圈養(yǎng)的。

威爾士斯旺西大學(xué)研究古典文學(xué)和古代歷史的教授艾倫·勞埃德說:“獅子與埃及國王的淵源由來已久。埃及國王被視為雄獅,擁有雄獅的高貴品質(zhì)。古埃及人所崇尚的品質(zhì)當然是威武和英勇。”

公元前幾百年,大批來自伊拉克、努比亞(歷史上的一個古國,包括現(xiàn)在的蘇丹和埃及的一部分)和希臘的外來者入侵埃及。

在眾多外來者面前,古埃及人對動物膜拜的興趣高漲,這可能是他們維護自己身份的一種方式。

“我想這應(yīng)該被視為埃及民族特性的一種體現(xiàn),”勞埃德教授說。

勞埃德教授說早在20世紀70年代早些時候就有傳言說埃及發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具獅子木乃伊。然而,發(fā)現(xiàn)這具獅子木乃伊的人顯然對此毫無興趣,木乃伊的發(fā)現(xiàn)地點被遺忘了。

此次發(fā)現(xiàn)的獅子木乃伊躺在一塊巖石上,頭向北,身體朝東。它的骨骼是有記載的雄獅中最大的之一。

除了貓木乃伊外,埃及人還將狗、鳥、蛇、猴做成木乃伊。

Wear: 磨損

(中國日報網(wǎng)站譯)

 
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