日韩精品久久一区二区三区_亚洲色图p_亚洲综合在线最大成人_国产中出在线观看_日韩免费_亚洲综合在线一区

USEUROPEAFRICAASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
China
Home / China / View

Rule of law can help end land disputes

By Dang Guoying | China Daily | Updated: 2014-10-23 07:57

The rule of law figures high on the agenda of the ongoing Fourth Plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. That the strengthening of the rule of law is of utmost importance was once again proved by a conflict over land requisition in Jinning, Yunnan province, last week. The clash between about 1,000 armed constructors and villagers in Jinning that left eight people dead and 18 injured was one of the hundreds that take place in the country every year.

Local governments, in general, pay reasonable price to requisition land for development. The accepted international pricing mechanism for acquiring agricultural land for commercial use is between 30 and 150 times the annual rent. If a farmer wants anything more than that, property developers could change their mind.

Since the annual rent for 1 mu (666.7 square meters) of agricultural land is about 500 yuan, the fair price should be between 15,000 yuan ($2,451) and 75,000 yuan, whereas local governments often pay 30,000 to 50,000 yuan for 1 mu. But despite this, local governments have a bad reputation. Just Google "land requisition" and you will know how much fury farmers have against local governments and how many bloody conflicts take place every year.

Why? For the answer, we first have to understand China's land ownership system. Theoretically, all land in China is public property, and in rural areas, village authorities are authorized to offer plots to farmers on "contract". That's why when local governments need land for development purposes, they talk with village authorities, not individual farmers. Local officials even refuse to refer to land requisition as "purchase" and use the term "reimbursing farmers" instead.

Farmers define justice differently. They emphasize that when local governments acquire their land for commercial use, they need to negotiate the "deals" according to market rules. Such pleas are almost always rejected because local governments do not accept them as equal negotiators.

As a result, what should ideally be a commercial negotiation between local governments and farmers becomes a political game in which both sides try to get their way. And given the lax rule of law, such political games tend to escalate into mass incidents.

Apart from inequality, this way of requisitioning land also breeds corruption. As "public owners" of rural land, village authorities can decide the price of a piece of land. And because of the lack of proper supervision, many village officials trade power for bribes to distort land prices. In some cases, village officials fix higher prices for a piece of land but pay affected farmer/s only part of the amount and pocket the rest.

Worse, some local governments use trickery in land deals, the most common being acquiring land in the name of "public interest" and thus paying the minimum price only to hand the plots over for commercial development and earn huge profits. Local governments can easily make such moves look legal because they control the paperwork, leaving cheated villagers burning with anger.

Bureaucratic thinking too intensifies conflicts. Most Chinese officials favor "uniformity", so when they decide to build a high-rise they cannot tolerate the sight of old, small houses around it. They contemptuously call such houses "nail households" and try every means to demolish them, sometimes injuring and even killing the homeowners. Such "bloody demolitions" violate citizens' right to life and property and send all the wrong signals about the bureaucracy.

These problems are potent enough to fuel violent conflicts. To solve them, higher authorities have to restrain the power of local governments. The process could start with legislative bodies issuing lists clearly differentiating between public interest and commercial projects, and making it mandatory for purchasing at market rates to be used for commercial purposes. They also have to tell local governments to stop their old, dirty trick of turning public interest projects into commercial ventures.

Besides, measures have to be taken to protect individual farmer's rights, especially from the machinations of village authorities. Generally, farmers' land contracts are for long-term use of land. Hence, farmers, not officials, should have the final say on the sale and price of land, as well as the right to say "no" to local governments if they don't want to part with their land for commercial use. And "nail households" should be protected by prohibiting officials from requisitioning land by force.

Of course, the solution to all these problems lies in promoting the rule of law. The country needs an ideal judicial system which would allow parties locked in a land dispute to seek the help of a court to get justice. Once such a system is established, no one would resort to violence.

The author is a researcher at the Rural Development Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

 

Editor's picks
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
主站蜘蛛池模板: 国产二区三区四区 | 国产三级在线视频 一区二区三区 | 亚洲综合日韩欧美一区二区三 | 久久精品免费视频观看 | 日韩2区 | 日韩中文字幕免费在线观看 | 无码观看AAAAAAAA片 | 欧美日韩综合精品一区二区三区 | 91www在线观看 | 欧美手机看片 | 大色综合色综合资源站 | 久久9966e这里只有精品 | 欧美国产中文字幕 | 亚洲精品专区 | 午夜色站 | 男女真实无遮挡xx00动态图120秒 | 91短视频在线播放 | 偷拍免费视频 | 抱着cao才爽免费观看 | 高清在线不卡 | 亚洲黄网站wwwwww | 日韩欧美国产中文 | 色婷婷精品综合久久狠狠 | 538prom国产在线视频一区 | 日韩高清中文字幕 | 国产亚洲欧洲国产综合一区 | 91大片| 欧美日韩视频在线第一区 | 欧美成人做性视频在线播放 | 日本高清视频在线 | 日韩av中文 | 国产亚洲精品久久精品录音 | 久久精品蜜芽亚洲国产a | 亚洲播播播 | 九色com| 色情综合色情播五月 | 欧美日韩在线观看视频 | 国产在线观看午夜不卡 | 91麻豆精品国产91久久久久久 | 美女被网站大全在线视频 | 波多野结衣办公室在线 |