日韩精品久久一区二区三区_亚洲色图p_亚洲综合在线最大成人_国产中出在线观看_日韩免费_亚洲综合在线一区

 
 
 

Past serves as lesson in sustainable fishing

2012-04-11 13:30

 

Get Flash Player

Download

For some 400 years before European settlers arrived, ancient Hawaiian societies caught as much fish as modern fishers or more - without fishing the reefs to depletion, according to a new study.

The findings suggest that, with the right strategies and enforcement, fishing can be productive and sustainable for the long term.

Protect the catch

While some of the steps the ancient Hawaiians took to protect their catch are extreme by today's standards, conservation experts would find many of them familiar.

Past serves as lesson in sustainable fishing

When the first Europeans settled on the remote Pacific island chain of Hawaii in the 18th century, fishing had been going strong for centuries.

Each local ruler made sure it stayed that way, according to sociologist Jack Kittinger at Stanford University's Center for Ocean Solutions.

"If [the ruler's agent] decided that the fish stock on a particular reef needed to rest - people had been fishing it too much - then he would put a kapu on fishing in that reef."

"Kapu" roughly translates as "forbidden," and that was enough for the local fishers.

Past serves as lesson in sustainable fishing

Kittinger says James Cook, the first European to reach Hawaii, saw the kapu system in action.

He would describe it as "Oh, you know, everyone is out on the water. The next day there was a kapu put on the bay by the local king, and no one was on the water. Like, you know, people obeyed these things."

It was also kapu to catch skipjack tuna for roughly half the year, and mackerel scad the other half.

And only a professional class of fishermen was allowed to fish in deeper waters and use certain types of equipment.

Overfishing

Those and other traditional methods kept the coral reef ecosystems producing as much or more fish as they are today. And they had done so for about 400 years before the Europeans arrived, according to a study by Kittinger and his co-author published in March in the journal Fish and Fisheries.

Today, on the other hand, overfishing threatens the Hawaiian reefs, and more than half of the reefs around the world.

When Kittinger looks at today's efforts to control overfishing, he sees a lot of parallels with the ancient Hawaiian practices.

"They had basically the same tools in the toolbox that we have today," he says. "We do the same thing. We say, 'You can use this gear here, but you can't use it there. This area is off limits,' and so on and so forth, the same basic strategies. But the difference is how those strategies were implemented."

The difference, he says, is if you broke a kapu, "You're in deep trouble," he says. It could mean blinding or even death.

Some other strategies might be a bit out of step with modern values. Women were forbidden from eating certain kinds of prized fish. Turtles were off-limits for everyone but chiefs and high priests.

Kittinger says these rules had the effect of protecting these species.

"We think that the fact that they were protected probably arose as a response to understanding that those species were vulnerable," Kittinger says.

Living on remote islands in the middle of the ocean, subject to storms, droughts, tsunamis and so on, Kittinger says protecting the food supply was a matter of life and death for the ancient Hawaiians.

Lesson from the past

But with ocean ecosystems worldwide in decline, Kittinger says we could learn from their experience.

"These days, you get a slap on the wrist if you break a fisheries law," he says. "And it just tells us we don't really take enforcement that seriously. If we were really serious about protecting the resource, we need to be more serious about the violations and what happens with the violator."

He is not suggesting bringing back the death penalty for violators, but says today's more relaxed attitudes are not enough.

skipjack tuna: 鰹魚(yú)

mackerel scad:

Related stories:

Fishing bans imposed on Pearl, Yangtze to help declining stock

First hybrid shark found off Australian coast

US, EU to increase fight against illegal fishing

美加州參議院通過(guò)魚(yú)翅禁令

(來(lái)源:VOA 編輯:旭燕)

 
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津版權(quán)說(shuō)明:凡注明來(lái)源為“中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津:XXX(署名)”的原創(chuàng)作品,除與中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)簽署英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津內(nèi)容授權(quán)協(xié)議的網(wǎng)站外,其他任何網(wǎng)站或單位未經(jīng)允許不得非法盜鏈、轉(zhuǎn)載和使用,違者必究。如需使用,請(qǐng)與010-84883561聯(lián)系;凡本網(wǎng)注明“來(lái)源:XXX(非英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津)”的作品,均轉(zhuǎn)載自其它媒體,目的在于傳播更多信息,其他媒體如需轉(zhuǎn)載,請(qǐng)與稿件來(lái)源方聯(lián)系,如產(chǎn)生任何問(wèn)題與本網(wǎng)無(wú)關(guān);本網(wǎng)所發(fā)布的歌曲、電影片段,版權(quán)歸原作者所有,僅供學(xué)習(xí)與研究,如果侵權(quán),請(qǐng)?zhí)峁┌鏅?quán)證明,以便盡快刪除。

中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)雙語(yǔ)新聞

掃描左側(cè)二維碼

添加Chinadaily_Mobile
你想看的我們這兒都有!

中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)雙語(yǔ)手機(jī)報(bào)

點(diǎn)擊左側(cè)圖標(biāo)查看訂閱方式

中國(guó)首份雙語(yǔ)手機(jī)報(bào)
學(xué)英語(yǔ)看資訊一個(gè)都不能少!

關(guān)注和訂閱

本文相關(guān)閱讀
人氣排行
搜熱詞
 
 
精華欄目
 

閱讀

詞匯

視聽(tīng)

翻譯

口語(yǔ)

合作

 

關(guān)于我們 | 聯(lián)系方式 | 招聘信息

Copyright by chinadaily.com.cn. All rights reserved. None of this material may be used for any commercial or public use. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. 版權(quán)聲明:本網(wǎng)站所刊登的中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津內(nèi)容,版權(quán)屬中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)所有,未經(jīng)協(xié)議授權(quán),禁止下載使用。 歡迎愿意與本網(wǎng)站合作的單位或個(gè)人與我們聯(lián)系。

電話:8610-84883645

傳真:8610-84883500

Email: [email protected]

主站蜘蛛池模板: 欧美精品黄页免费高清在线 | 色屁屁www免费看视频影院 | 日韩一区二区三区精品 | 成 人 黄 色 大片 | 亚洲欧美日本人成在线观看 | 免费看一级欧美毛片视频 | yeyelu| 男女一进一出视频 | 天天影视免费在线观看入口 | 欧洲成人全免费视频网站 | 国产日韩一区二区三区在线观看 | 午夜久久 | 色综合图 | 综合网视频 | 日韩黄色大全 | 免费一级毛片 | 九热 | 视频一区在线观看 | 色婷婷综合久久久中文一区二区 | 免费观看黄色a一级视频播放 | 91视频久久 | 色综合激情| 久色一区 | 日韩精品网址 | www.9p234.com| www亚洲一区 | 国产vr一区二区在线观看 | 欧美成人精品欧美一级 | 欧美日韩精品一区三区 | 国产露脸精品爆浆视频 | 久久久精品一区 | 精品一区二区三区在线视频 | 欧美久久xxxxxx影院 | 国产精品国产精品国产专区不卡 | 欧美高清在线精品一区二区不卡 | 黄色av免费看 | 国产精品美女一区二区三区 | 婷婷综合 | 日本在线观看视频网站 | 91嫩草精品 | 色综合久久天天综合网 |