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五年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

The following are our main accomplishments over the past five years:

（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，促進經濟平穩較快發展。我們注重把握宏觀調控的方向、重點和力度，牢牢掌握經濟工作的主動權。“十一五”前期，針對投資增長過快、貿易順差過大、流動性過剩，以及結構性、輸入性物價上漲等問題，采取正確的政策措施，有效防止了苗頭性問題演變成趨勢性問題、局部性問題演變成全局性問題。近兩年，面對百年罕見的國際金融危機沖擊，我們沉著應對、科學決策，果斷實行積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。堅持實施一攬子計劃，大規模增加政府支出和實行結構性減稅，大范圍實施重點產業調整振興規劃，大力推進自主創新和加強科技支撐，大幅度提高社會保障水平。堅持擴大內需的戰略方針，采取鼓勵消費的一系列政策措施，增加城鄉居民特別是低收入群眾收入，消費規模持續擴大，結構不斷升級。實施兩年新增4萬億元的投資計劃，其中，新增中央投資1.18萬億元。保障性安居工程、農村民生工程和社會事業投資占43.7%，自主創新、結構調整、節能減排和生態建設占15.3%，重大基礎設施建設占23.6%，災后恢復重建占14.8%。政府投資引導帶動社會投資，國內需求大幅增加，有效彌補外需缺口，較短時間內扭轉經濟增速下滑趨勢，在世界率先實現回升向好，既戰勝了特殊困難、有力地保障和改善了民生，又為長遠發展奠定了堅實基礎。

1.Strengthening and improving macro-control, and spurring steady and rapid economic development

We paid close attention to the orientation, focus and strength of macro-control and kept a firm grasp on the initiative in our economic work. In the early stages of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we adopted correct policies and measures to address overheated investment growth, the excessive trade surplus, excess liquidity, and structural and imported inflation; effectively prevented emerging problems from evolving into trends; and prevented problems in anyone area from becoming general problems. In the last two years, we responded coolly to the impact of the global financial crisis a crisis of a severity seldom seen in the last century, made decisions scientifically and resolutely followed a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy. We steadfastly implemented a multi-point plan, greatly increased government spending and made structural tax reductions, carried out the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating key industries on a large scale, vigorously promoted innovation and increased support for work in science and technology, and substantially increased social security benefits. We steadfastly followed a strategy of expanding domestic demand; adopted policies and measures to encourage consumer spending; and increased urban and rural incomes, particularly for low-income people. As a result, consumer spending grew steadily and its structure constantly improved. We carried out a two-year investment plan to increase spending by 4 trillion yuan, including 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government. Of this amount, 43.7% was invested in low-income housing projects, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs; 15.3% in innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions and ecological improvement; 23.6% in major infrastructure projects; and 14.8% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction. Government spending guided and drove nongovernmental investment, greatly increased domestic demand and effectively compensated for weak external demand. This helped to reverse the slowdown in economic growth in a relatively short time and make the Chinese economy the first in the world to pick up again. In this way, we not only got over the hard times and ensured and improved the wellbeing of the people, but also laid a firm foundation for long-term development.

（二）毫不放松地做好“三農”工作，鞏固和加強農業基礎。中央財政“三農”投入累計近3萬億元，年均增幅超過23%。徹底取消農業稅和各種收費，結束了農民種田交稅的歷史，每年減輕農民負擔超過1335億元。建立種糧農民補貼制度和主產區利益補償機制，農民的生產補貼資金去年達到1226億元。對重點糧食品種實行最低收購價和臨時收儲政策，小麥、稻谷最低收購價提高了25%到40%。嚴格保護耕地。著力推進農業科技進步。糧食產量屢創歷史新高，去年達到1.09萬億斤，連續7年增產；農民人均純收入達到5919元，實現持續較快增長。農村綜合改革穩步推進，集體林權制度改革、國有農場管理體制改革全面推開。農業農村基礎設施加快建設，完成7356座大中型和重點小型水庫除險加固，解決2.15億農村人口飲水安全問題，農民的日子越過越好，農村發展進入一個新時代。

2. Striving to do our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the agricultural foundation

Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and fanners totaled nearly 3 trillion yuan and grew at an average annual rate of more than 23%. Agricultural tax and various government charges were totally abolished, thereby ending the history of farmers paying taxes on the crops they grow and easing their annual burden by more than 133.5 billion yuan. We set up a subsidy system for grain growers and a benefit subsidy system for major growing areas, and paid out 122.6 billion yuan in production subsidies to grain growers last year. Minimum purchase prices and temporary purchase and storage policies were put in place for key grain varieties, and the minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice were raised by between 25% and 40%. We rigorously safeguarded arable land. We worked hard to make advances in agricultural science and technology. New record highs were set for grain production, which reached 545 billion kg last year, the seventh consecutive yearly increase. The per capita net income of farmers continued to grow rapidly and reached 5,919 yuan. We made steady progress with comprehensive reforms in the countryside and fully implemented the reform of tenure in collective forests and the system for managing state-owned farms. We accelerated agricultural and rural infrastructure development. We finished reinforcing 7,356 large and medium-sized reservoirs and key small reservoirs and ensured the safety of drinking water for 215 million rural residents. Farmers' lives constantly improved and rural development entered a new era.

（三）大力推進經濟結構調整，提高經濟增長質量和效益。一是加快產業結構調整和自主創新。積極推進企業技術改造和兼并重組，工業特別是裝備制造業總體水平和競爭力明顯提高。戰略性新興產業迅速成長。加快建設國家創新體系，實施知識創新工程和技術創新工程，突破了一批產業發展急需的前沿技術、核心技術和關鍵裝備技術，一大批科研成果實現了產業化。服務業快速發展，在國內生產總值中占比提高2.5個百分點。基礎設施建設明顯加快，五年建成鐵路新線1.6萬公里，新增公路63.9萬公里，其中高速公路3.3萬公里，新建、改擴建機場33個，新建和加固堤防1.7萬公里。二是扎實推進節能減排、生態建設和環境保護。提出到2020年我國控制溫室氣體排放行動目標和政策措施，制定實施節能減排綜合性工作方案。大力發展清潔能源，新增發電裝機容量4.45億千瓦，其中水電9601萬千瓦、核電384萬千瓦。關停小火電機組7210萬千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、焦炭產能。推進林業重點生態工程建設，完成造林2529萬公頃。綜合治理水土流失面積23萬平方公里，加強重點流域水污染防治、大氣污染防治和工業“三廢”治理。大力發展循環經濟。五年累計，單位國內生產總值能耗下降19.1%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促進區域經濟協調發展。落實區域發展總體戰略，頒布實施全國主體功能區規劃，制定西部大開發新十年指導意見和一系列區域發展規劃，推出促進西藏和四省藏區、新疆等民族地區跨越式發展的新舉措。中西部和東北地區發展加快，經濟增速等主要指標超過全國平均水平；東部地區經濟結構不斷優化，自主創新和競爭力逐步提高；地區間基本公共服務差距趨于縮小，各具特色的區域發展格局初步形成。

3. Strongly promoting economic restructuring and improving the quality andperformance ofeconomic growth

First, we accelerated industrial restructuring and innovation.

We vigorously carried out technological upgrading in enterprises and enterprise mergers and reorganizations, which noticeably raised the overall level and competitiveness of Chinese industries, particularly equipment manufacturing. Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly. We accelerated the development of the national innovation system; carried out knowledge innovation projects and technology innovation projects; and made breakthroughs in urgently needed cutting-edge technologies, core technologies and key equipment technologies. A large number of research results have been applied in industrial production. The service industry developed quickly and the proportion it contributes to GDP rose by 2.5 percentage points. We greatly accelerated infrastructure development. We expanded the railway system by 16,000 km over the past five years and the road system by 639,000 km, including 33,000 km of expressways. We built, improved or expanded 33 airports and built or reinforced 17,000 km of dykes.

Second, we made genuine progress in energy conservation, emissions reduction, ecological improvement and environmental protection.

We formulated policies, measures and national objectives for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and drew up a comprehensive work plan for conserving energy and reducing emissions. We vigorously developed clean energy. New power generating units with a capacity of 445 million kW were put on line, including hydropower plants with 96.01 million kW capacity and nuclear pmver plants with 3.84 million kW capacity. We decommissioned small thermal power plants with a capacity of 72.1 million kW and eliminated a number of outdated coal, steel, cement and coke production facilities. We made progress on key ecological forestry projects, and afforested a total of 25.29 million hectares. We applied a combination of approaches to control soil erosion on 230,000 km2 of land, and strengthened efforts to control water and air pollution in key watersheds, prevent and control air pollution and control industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues. We strongly promoted the development of the circular economy. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 19.1%, chemical oxygen demand by 12.45% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 14.29%.

Third, we worked to balance regional economic development.

We implemented a master strategy for regional development, issued and implemented the national plan for development priority zones; fommlated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans; and introduced new measures to stimulate development by leaps and bounds in Tibet, Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, Xinjiang and other ethnic minority areas. Development accelerated in the central and western regions and northeast China, and their economic growth rates and other main economic indicators were higher than the national average. The economic structure of the eastern region constantly improved, and its innovativeness and competitiveness gradually increased. Discrepancies in levels of basic public services among regions were decreasing, and the development of each region was taking on unique characteristics.

（四）堅定不移深化改革開放，增強經濟社會發展內在活力。財政轉移支付制度逐步完善，縣級基本財力保障機制初步建立。增值稅轉型全面實施，成品油價格和稅費改革順利推進，資源稅改革啟動試點，內外資企業稅制全面統一。國有大型商業銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機構改革、農村信用社改革積極推進；平穩解決上市公司股權分置問題，創業板、股指期貨和融資融券順利推出，債券市場穩步發展；深入推進保險業改革開放；人民幣匯率形成機制改革有序推進，跨境貿易人民幣結算試點不斷擴大。國有企業公司制股份制改革、國有資產監管體制改革取得積極進展。郵政體制改革加快推進。制定實施促進中小企業發展和民間投資的一系列政策，非公有制經濟發展環境不斷改善，多種所有制經濟共同發展。

4. Determinedly working to deepen reform and opening up, and strengthening the internal vitality ofeconomic and social development

We gradually improved the system of transfer payments and set up a rudimentary mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments. We comprehensively carried out VAT reform. The reform of prices of refined oil products and related taxes and fees was implemented smoothly. Trials were launched for the reform of resource taxes, and the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified. The reform to convert large state-owned commercial banks to stockholding companies was smoothly completed, and the reform of policy-based financial institutions and rural credit cooperatives is well underway.We steadily resolved the issue of Hoating non-tradable shares of listed companies; successfully launched the ChiNext stock market; and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading, The market for government bonds developed steadily. We deepened the reform and opening up of the insurance industry. Orderly progress was made in reforming the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, and the trials of settling cross-border trade accounts in RMB were constantly expanded. Positive progress was made in the reform to tum state-owned enterprises (SOEs) into stockholding corporations and the reform of the system for managing and overseeing state assets. We accelerated reform of the postal system. A series of policies were formulated and implemented to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and encourage nongovernmental investment, the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy constantly improved, and economic entities under diverse forms of ownership developed side by side.

不斷拓展對外開放的廣度和深度。進出口總額年均增長15.9%，結構不斷優化。貿易順差連續兩年下降，2010年比上年減少6.4%。利用外資水平進一步提高。企業“走出去”步伐明顯加快，累計對外直接投資2200億美元，對外工程承包和勞務合作營業額3352億美元。積極參與全球經濟治理機制改革和區域合作機制建設，多邊、雙邊經貿合作繼續深化。對外援助規模持續擴大。對外開放有力促進了經濟發展和結構調整，增加了就業，吸收了先進技術和管理經驗，大大提高了我國的國際地位。

The breadth and depth of our openness to the outside world constantly increased. Total import and export volume grew by an average annual rate of 15.9%, and the structure of imports and exports constantly improved. Our trade surplus decreased for two consecutive years, and the year-on-year decrease was 6.4% in 2010. The utilization of foreign capital fUrther improved. The pace of enterprises "going global" increased noticeably: outward foreign direct investment reached $220 billion and the total volume of contracts to build foreign projects and provide overseas labor services reached $335.2 billion. We energetically participated in the reform of global economic governance and the development of mechanisms for regional cooperation, and our multilateral and bilateral economic and trade cooperation continued to deepen. The scale of our foreign aid continued to grow. Opening to the outside world strongly stimulated economic development and restructuring, increased employment, attracted advanced technology and managerial expertise, and greatly improved China's international standing.

（五）加快發展社會事業，切實保障和改善民生。始終堅持經濟發展與社會發展相協調，圍繞改善民生謀發展。把就業放在經濟社會發展的優先位置。加強職業培訓和就業服務，促進高校畢業生、農村轉移勞動力、城鎮就業困難人員就業，做好退役軍人就業安置工作。實施勞動合同法和就業促進法，普遍提高最低工資標準，推動建立和諧勞動關系。覆蓋城鄉的社會保障體系建設取得突破性進展，城鎮職工基本養老保險實現省級統籌，實施養老保險關系跨省轉移接續辦法，連續7年提高企業退休人員基本養老金水平，年均增長10%，新型農村社會養老保險試點覆蓋24%的縣。積極穩妥推進醫藥衛生體制改革，全面建立城鎮居民基本醫療保險制度、新型農村合作醫療制度，惠及4.32億城鎮職工和城鎮居民、8.35億農村居民。最低生活保障制度實現全覆蓋，城鄉社會救助體系基本建立，社會福利、優撫安置、慈善和殘疾人事業取得新進展。全國社會保障基金積累7810億元，比五年前增加5800多億元。大力實施保障性住房建設和棚戶區改造，使1100萬戶困難家庭住上了新房。我們要持之以恒，努力讓全體人民老有所養、病有所醫、住有所居。

5. Accelerating the development of social undertakings and genuinely ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing

We constantly worked to keep economic development in line with social development, and plan development with a view to improving the wellbeing of the people. We gave high priority to employment in economic and social development. We improved vocational training and employment services; helped college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs to find employment; and helped ex-soldiers find jobs and settle down. We implemented the Labor Contract Law and the Law on Promoting Employment, raised minimum wages, and promoted harmonious labor relations. We achieved breakthroughs in the development of the social security system for both urban and rural residents; basic pension insurance for urban workers was put under unified planning at the provincial level; a method was devised to transfer pension insurance coverage for workers moving to other provinces; and there was an average 10% increase per year over the last seven years in the basic pension for enterprise retirees. In addition, the trial of a new type of pension insurance for rural residents has been extended to 24% of all counties. We actively yet prudently carried out the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and completed a basic medical insurance system for non-working urban residents and a new rural cooperative medical care system, which benefit 432 million working and non-working urban residents and 835 million rmal residents. We achieved complete coverage of the subsistence allowance system; basically put in place an mban-rmal government assistance program; and made continued progress in programs related to social welfare, preferential treatment and arrangements for entitled groups, charities, and people who are physically or mentally handicapped. Moreover, the national social security fund now stands at 781 billion yuan, over 580 billion yuan more than five years ago. We devoted great efforts to constructing low-income housing and redeveloping run-down areas, and as a result, 11 million poor households were able to move into new homes. We worked tirelessly to ensme everyone has access to old-age care, medical treatment, and housing.

制定和實施國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要。五年全國財政教育支出累計4.45萬億元，年均增長22.4%。全面實現城鄉免費義務教育，所有適齡兒童都能“不花錢、有學上”。義務教育階段教師績效工資制度全面實施。中等職業教育對農村經濟困難家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉農專業的學生實行免費。加快實施國家助學制度，財政投入從2006年的18億元增加到2010年的306億元，覆蓋面從高等學校擴大到中等職業學校和普通高中，共資助學生2130萬名，還為1200多萬名義務教育寄宿生提供生活補助。加快農村中小學危房改造和職業教育基礎設施建設。全面提高高等教育質量和水平，增強高校創新能力。制定并實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，中央財政科技投入6197億元，年均增長22.7%，取得了一系列重大成果。大力加強基層醫療衛生服務能力建設。國家財政安排專項資金，改造和新建2.3萬所鄉鎮衛生院、1500所縣醫院、500所縣中醫院和1000所縣婦幼保健院，建立了2400所社區衛生服務中心。制定并實施國家中長期人才發展規劃綱要。人口規劃目標順利實現。文化體制改革取得重要進展。公共文化服務體系建設明顯加快，文化產業蓬勃發展。哲學社會科學和新聞出版、廣播電視、文學藝術繁榮進步。城鄉公共體育設施建設加快，全民健身活動蔚然成風。法制建設全面推進，“五五”普法順利完成。創新和加強社會管理，社會保持和諧穩定。

We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development. Government spending on education nationwide totaled 4.45 trillion yuan, and grew at an average annual rate of 22.4%. We made urban and rmal compulsory education free so that all children of school age can receive an education at no cost. We fully implemented the system that links the salaries of teachers in compulsory education to their performance. Secondary vocational education was made free for students from poverty-stricken rmal households and low-income urban households and students whose majors are related to agricuItme. We accelerated the implementation of the government financial aid system for students, and government investment increased from 1.8 billion yuan in 2006 to 30.6 billion yuan in 2010. The system was expanded from institutions of higher learning to secondary vocational schools and regular senior secondary schools, and has helped fund the education of 21.3 million students and provided living expenses for over 12 million students living on campus while receiving compulsory education. We accelerated the renovation of dilapidated primary and secondary school buildings in rural areas and the development of vocational education infrastructure. We improved the overall quality of higher education, and enhanced the innovation capacity of colleges and universities. We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development. The central government allocated 619.7 billion yuan for science and technology, an average annual increase of 22.7%, which resulted in a series of major achievements. Great efforts were made to improve the services provided by community-based medical and health care facilities. A special fund was included in the state budget to renovate or build 23,000 town and township hospitals, 1,500 county hospitals, 500 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, and 1,000 county maternity and childcare hospitals, as well as to build 2,400 community health service centers. We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Human Resource Development. We smoothly attained population planning objectives. Important progress was made in the reform of the cultural management system. Development of the system of public cultural services noticeably accelerated, and the culture industry developed vigorously. Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, and literature and art all flourished and advanced. The construction of urban and rural public sports and exercise facilities was accelerated, and the national fitness program has taken root. We comprehensively improved the legal system and smoothly implemented the fifth five-year plan to educate the public about the law. We made innovations in and strengthened the administration of society and maintained social harmony and stability.

抗擊汶川特大地震等嚴重自然災害的斗爭取得重大勝利，汶川災后恢復重建三年任務兩年基本完成，玉樹強烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流災后恢復重建有序推進。經過災難的洗禮，中國人民更加成熟、自信、堅強，中華民族百折不撓、自強不息的偉大精神不可戰勝。

We won major victories in the fight against the Wenchuan earthquake and other natural disasters. The post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction work in Wenchuan was basically completed in two years instead of the scheduled three, and recovery and reconstruction work following the strong Yushu earthquake and major mudslide in Zhugqu is proceeding in an orderly manner. Passing these severe tests made the Chinese people more mature, more confident and stronger, and the great, indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese nation is invincible.

五年來，我們不斷深化行政管理體制改革，加快轉變政府職能，全面完成了新一輪政府機構改革，深入推進依法行政，建設法治政府和服務型政府，推進政務公開，加強行政問責，堅持不懈地開展反腐敗斗爭，政府自身建設取得積極進展。

We constantly deepened reform of the administrative system. We accelerated the transformation of government functions, completed a new round of reforms of government agencies, intensively carried out administration in accordance with the law, developed law-based government, made the government more service-oriented, made government affairs more open, improved the administrative accountability system, tirelessly combated corruption, and made positive progress in government capacity building.

過去五年，我們是一步一個腳印走過來的，中國人民有理由為此感到自豪！五年的成績來之不易。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央總攬全局、正確領導的結果，是全黨全國各族人民共同努力奮斗的結果。在這里，我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！

We worked steadily and made solid progress, and the Chinese people have every reason to take pride in this. Our achievements did not come easily. They were made thanks to the broad vision and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary and the concerted efforts of the Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country. On behalf of the State Council, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the people of all ethnic groups, all democratic parties and mass organizations, and people from all walks of life. In addition, I would like to express my thanks to om compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and overseas Chinese. Finally, my sincere thanks go to the governments of other countries, international organizations and friends from around the world who care for and support China's modernization.

我們清醒地認識到，我國發展中不平衡、不協調、不可持續的問題依然突出。主要是：經濟增長的資源環境約束強化，投資與消費關系失衡，收入分配差距較大，科技創新能力不強，產業結構不合理，農業基礎仍然薄弱，城鄉區域發展不協調，就業總量壓力和結構性矛盾并存，制約科學發展的體制機制障礙依然較多；服務業增加值和就業比重、研究與試驗發展經費支出占國內生產總值比重沒有完成“十一五”規劃目標。一些群眾反映強烈的問題沒有根本解決，主要是：優質教育、醫療資源總量不足、分布不均；物價上漲壓力加大，部分城市房價漲幅過高；違法征地拆遷等引發的社會矛盾增多；食品安全問題比較突出；一些領域腐敗現象嚴重。我們一定要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，通過艱苦細致的工作和堅持不懈的努力，加快解決這些問題，讓人民滿意。

We are keenly aware that we still have a serious problem in that our development is not yet well balanced, coordinated or sustainable. This manifests itself mainly in the following: growing resomce and environmental constraints hindering economic growth, imbalance between investment and consumption, large income gap, insufficient scientific and technological innovation capabilities, an irrational industrial structme, continued weakness in the agricultural foundation, uneven development between mban and rural areas and between regions, the coexistence of overall pressure to expand employment and structural shortage of qualified personnel in some industries, defects in systems mechanisms that hinder scientific development, and our failure to meet targets set in the Eleventh Plan - the value-added of the service sector, its share in total employment, and spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP. Moreover, we have not yet fundamentally solved a number of issues that the masses feel strongly about, namely the lack of high-quality educational and medical resources, and their uneven distribution; increasing upward pressure on prices, exorbitant housing price increases in some cities; increasing social problems resulting from illegal land expropriations and housing demolitions; significant problems concerning food safety; and rampant corruption in some areas. We must therefore have a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and the people and work tirelessly and painstakingly to solve these problems more quickly to the satisfaction ofthe people.