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9月13日,備受關注的國有企業(yè)改革(SOE reforms)頂層設計終于落地。中共中央、國務院近日印發(fā)了《關于深化國有企業(yè)改革的指導意見》(以下簡稱《意見》)。
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The government will improve the competence of SOEs and turn them into fully independent market entities. [Photo/IC] |
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China will modernize state-owned enterprises (SOEs), enhance state assets management, promote mixed ownership and prevent the erosion of state assets, according to the guideline released by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council. The guideline will be a key framework document to guide and boost SOE reforms.
中共中央、國務院發(fā)布的指導意見指出,我國將完善現(xiàn)代國有企業(yè)制度,強化國資管理,發(fā)展混合所有制經(jīng)濟并防止國有資產(chǎn)流失。《意見》將成為引導和推動國企改革的關鍵性架構文件。
《意見》提出,將國有企業(yè)分為商業(yè)類(for-profit entities)和公益類(those dedicated to public welfare),并實行分類改革、分類發(fā)展、分類監(jiān)管、分類定責、分類考核,推動國有企業(yè)同市場經(jīng)濟(market-oriented economy)深入融合。
以管資本為主推進國有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管機構(regulators of State-asset supervision)職能轉變。國有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管機構要準確把握依法履行出資人職責的定位,科學界定國有資產(chǎn)出資人監(jiān)管的邊界,建立監(jiān)管權力清單和責任清單,實現(xiàn)以管企業(yè)(managing enterprises)為主向以管資本(managing capital)為主的轉變。
The government will improve the competence of SOEs and turn them into fully independent market entities, the guideline said.
政府將提高國企競爭力,將其打造成完全獨立的市場主體。
作為中國經(jīng)濟支柱(a pillar of the economy)的國企,長期以來更容易獲得貸款、更優(yōu)惠的政策(more favorable policies),在市場中占主體地位,享有大量資源。但在經(jīng)濟衰退過程中(economic slowdown),國企效率卻比民營企業(yè)缺乏活力(less robust)且效率更為低下(less efficient)。
Mixed-ownership reform appeared to be the most significant means to improve the efficiency of SOEs.
混合所有制經(jīng)濟改革似乎成為提高國企效率最重要的手段。
《意見》強調,對于適宜繼續(xù)推進混合所有制改革的國有企業(yè),要充分發(fā)揮市場機制(market mechanisms)作用,堅持因地施策、因業(yè)施策、因企施策,宜獨則獨、宜控則控、宜參則參,不搞拉郎配,不搞全覆蓋,不設時間表(no specific timetable will be set),成熟一個推進一個。
《意見》指出,鼓勵非國有資本投資主體(non-state firms)通過出資入股(buying stakes)、收購股權、認購可轉債(convertible bonds from SOEs)、股權置換(conducting share rights swaps with SOEs)等多種方式(multiple ways),參與國有企業(yè)改制重組或國有控股企業(yè)上市公司增資擴股以及企業(yè)經(jīng)營管理。
A flexible and market-based salary system will be established. Salaries of SOE employees will be in line with market levels and decided by company performance. SOEs will also hire more professional managers, the guideline said.
根據(jù)《意見》,建立更為靈活、以市場為基礎的薪酬制度。國企員工薪酬將與市場水準相吻合,且取決于公司業(yè)績。國企還將聘用更多職業(yè)經(jīng)理人。
《意見》指出,到2020年,在國有企業(yè)改革重要領域和關鍵環(huán)節(jié)(key areas)取得決定性成果(major reforms),形成更加符合我國基本經(jīng)濟制度(basic economic system)和社會主義市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)展要求的國有資產(chǎn)管理體制(state-owned assets-management system)、現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度、市場化經(jīng)營機制,國有資本布局結構更趨合理,造就一大批德才兼?zhèn)洹⑸朴诮?jīng)營、充滿活力的優(yōu)秀企業(yè)家,培育一大批具有創(chuàng)新能力(creative)和國際競爭力(face international rivals)的國有骨干企業(yè),國有經(jīng)濟活力、控制力、影響力、抗風險能力明顯增強(have greater ability to avoid risks)。
(中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 丁一)
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