近日，銀監(jiān)會(huì)印發(fā)《中國(guó)銀監(jiān)會(huì)關(guān)于銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控工作的指導(dǎo)意見》，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控工作，切實(shí)處置一批重點(diǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)，消除一批風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，嚴(yán)守不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)底線。

Chinese 100 yuan banknotes are seen in a counting machine while a clerk counts them at a branch of a commercial bank in Beijing, in this March 30, 2016 file picture. [Photo/Agencies]

China will enhance risk control throughout the banking sector to eliminate financial risks in major fields, the country's top banking regulator announced Monday.
銀監(jiān)會(huì)10日宣布，將在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控工作，消除重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

《指導(dǎo)意見》明確了銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域，既包括信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（credit risks）、流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（liquidity risks）、房地產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（risks in the real estate sector）、地方政府債務(wù)違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（local government debt default risks）等傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，又包括債券波動(dòng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（bond risks）、交叉金融產(chǎn)品風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（risks of cross-market financial products）、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（internet finance risks）、外部沖擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（risks of external impact）等非傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，基本涵蓋了銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的主要類別。

《指導(dǎo)意見》指出，銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)要嚴(yán)格落實(shí)信貸及類信貸資產(chǎn)的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和操作流程（implement the classification standard and operating process of credit assets），真實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確和動(dòng)態(tài)地反映資產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況；加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)一授信（unified credit granting）、統(tǒng)一管理（unified management），嚴(yán)格不同層級(jí)的審批權(quán)限；加強(qiáng)授信風(fēng)險(xiǎn)審查，有效甄別高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)客戶，防范多頭授信、過度授信、給“僵尸企業(yè)”（zombie enterprises）授信、給“空殼企業(yè)”（shell companies）授信、財(cái)務(wù)欺詐等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

常見金融詞匯表達(dá)

信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) reputational risk

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)級(jí) risk rating

到期不還貸 default on a loan

資不抵債 insolvency; be insolvent

亞洲金融危機(jī) Asian financial crisis (1997-98)

投資(貸款)組合 investment (loan) portfolio

外匯儲(chǔ)備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves

中國(guó)金融業(yè)問題 problems with financial sector in China

儲(chǔ)蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply

國(guó)有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,

國(guó)有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks

少數(shù)中小存款金融機(jī)構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù) insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions

不良貸款 non-performing loans

防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) address financial risks

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 馬文英）