Your parents were right, don't study with the TV on. 你的父母是對的：學(xué)習(xí)時不要開著電視。
Multitasking may be a necessity in today's fast-paced world, but new research shows distractions affect the way people learn, making the knowledge they gain harder to use later on.在如今快節(jié)奏的社會中，同時做幾件事也許是必須的，但新研究表明分心會影響人們的學(xué)習(xí)方式，使他們?nèi)蘸筝^難運用到所學(xué)的知識。
"What's new is that even if you can learn while distracted, it changes how you learn to make it less efficient and useful," said Russell A. Poldrack, a psychology professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.洛杉磯加利福尼亞大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授羅素?A?波德瑞克說：“新的發(fā)現(xiàn)是即使你在受到干擾的情況下仍然可以學(xué)習(xí)，你的學(xué)習(xí)方式也會因此而改變，你的學(xué)習(xí)效率會變低，效果會變差。”
As Poldrack explains it, the brain learns in two different ways. One, called declarative learning, deals with learning active facts that can be recalled and used with great flexibility. The second is called habit learning.正如波德瑞克所解釋的那樣，大腦有兩種不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式，一種叫做敘述式學(xué)習(xí)，用來學(xué)習(xí)積極內(nèi)容，即人們可以回憶起來并能很靈活地加以運用的東西。第二種叫習(xí)慣性學(xué)習(xí)。
For instance, in learning a phone number you can simply memorize it, using declarative learning, and can then recall it whenever needed.比方說你記一個電話號碼，你可以直接通過敘述式學(xué)習(xí)方式把它記住，無論何時需要都能回憶起來。第二種就是習(xí)慣性地記住它。
"A second way to learn it is by habit, "punch it in 1,000 times, then even if you don't remember it consciously, you can go to the phone and punch it in," Poldrack said.“撥個1000次，不管你是否有意識地去記它，你走到電話前就能撥出那個號碼，”波德瑞克解釋說。
Memorizing is a lot more useful, he pointed out. "If you use the habit system, you have to be at a phone to recreate the movements."他指出（敘述式學(xué)習(xí)方式的）記憶要有用得多，“如果你使用習(xí)慣性學(xué)習(xí)方法，你就得到電話機旁去重現(xiàn)場景。”
The problem, Poldrack said, is that the two types of learning seem to be competing with each other, and when someone is distracted, habit learning seems to take over from declarative learning.波德瑞克說問題就在于這兩種學(xué)習(xí)方法似乎會彼此抗衡，當(dāng)一個人分心時，習(xí)慣式學(xué)習(xí)方式似乎會取代敘述式學(xué)習(xí)方式。
（來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò) 英語點津Jennifer編輯）
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