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大英圖書館將古希臘手稿搬上網(wǎng)絡(luò)
British Library posts Greek manuscripts to Web

[ 2010-09-29 08:51]     字號(hào) [] [] []  
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大英圖書館將古希臘手稿搬上網(wǎng)絡(luò)

A late 12th century illuminated gospels manuscript in Greek, which has been digitized, is seen at the British Library in London, Friday, Sept. 24, 2010. British Library has digitized over a quarter of its Greek manuscripts (284 volumes) for the first time and made them freely available online.

One of the world's most important caches of Greek manuscripts is going online, part of a growing number of ancient documents to hit the Web in recent years.

The British Library said Monday that it was making more than a quarter of its 1,000 volume-strong collection of handwritten Greek texts available online free of charge, something curators there hope will be a boon to historians, biblical scholars and students of classical Greece alike.

Although the manuscripts — highlights of which include a famous collection of Aesopic fables discovered on Mount Athos in 1842 — have long been available to scholars who made the trip to the British Library's reading rooms, curator Scot McKendrick said their posting to the web was opening antiquity to the entire world.

McKendrick said that London could be an expensive place to spend time poring over the Greek texts' tiny, faded script or picking through hundreds of pages of parchment.

"Not every scholar can afford to come here weeks and months on end," he said. The big attraction of browsing the texts online "is the ability to do it at your own desk whenever you wish to do it — and do it for free as well."

Although millions of books have been made available online in recent years — notably through Google Books' mass scanning program — ancient texts have taken much longer to emerge from the archives.

They don't suffer from the copyright issues complicating efforts to post contemporary works to the Web, but their fragility makes them tough to handle. They have to be carefully cracked open and photographed one page at a time, a process the British Library said typically costs about 1 pound ($1.50) per page.

John Franklin, an associate professor of classics at the University of Vermont, said that the British Library's efforts were "part of a quite general move to making manuscripts available online." "Hundreds of institutions have done or are doing the same," he said, including his university.

Franklin said it was "wonderful that the general public can have an intimate view of so many manuscripts," but stressed the material's academic applications, noting that it could serve as a teaching aid for students learning to unravel medieval Greek handwriting, for example.

The British Library has worked aggressively to put much of its collection on the Internet, from 19th-century newspapers to the jewels of its collection — The Lindisfarne Gospels, a selection of Leonardo da Vinci's sketches and the Codex Sinaiticus, the oldest surviving complete copy of the Christian Bible.

The library's Greek manuscript project was funded by the Stavros Niarchos Foundation, which supports Greek-related initiatives in arts and culture.

Another batch of about 250 documents is due to be published online in 2012.

(Read by Lee Hannon. Lee Hannon is a journalist at the China Daily Web site.)

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(Agencies)

近年來越來越多的古文獻(xiàn)被放到網(wǎng)上,作為世界上最重要的藏書之一,古希臘手稿也即將在網(wǎng)上露面。

大英圖書館周一稱,該館正著手將其庫藏的多達(dá)1000卷的古希臘手稿中的250卷搬上網(wǎng)絡(luò),提供免費(fèi)閱讀。管理員們希望此舉可以讓史學(xué)工作者、圣經(jīng)學(xué)者及學(xué)習(xí)古希臘著作的學(xué)生受益。

盡管這些手稿長期以來一直對(duì)造訪大英圖書館閱覽室的學(xué)者們開放,但管理員斯科特?麥肯德里克稱,把這些手稿放到網(wǎng)上可以讓全世界的人們都有機(jī)會(huì)閱讀這些古籍。手稿的精髓部分包括1842年在希臘阿索斯山發(fā)現(xiàn)的著名的《伊索寓言》故事集。

麥肯德里克說,如果要仔細(xì)研讀字跡小而模糊的古希臘文本,對(duì)著數(shù)百頁羊皮紙字斟句酌,那么在倫敦可能要花不少錢。

他說,“并非每位學(xué)者都可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起連續(xù)數(shù)周或數(shù)月來這里的花費(fèi)。在線閱覽文本非常吸引人的一個(gè)地方在于“你能夠隨時(shí)坐在自己的桌前閱讀,而且是免費(fèi)閱讀”。

近年來,通過谷歌圖書的批量化圖書掃描工作雖然已有數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的圖書都能夠讓人們在線閱覽,但是要把古文本從圖書館搬到網(wǎng)上所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間卻要長得多。

把這些古書放在網(wǎng)上雖然不像當(dāng)代作品那樣需要應(yīng)對(duì)繁雜的版權(quán)問題,但是這些古書極易破損,因而處理起來也有難度。這些滿是裂紋的古書必須小心翼翼地打開,一頁一頁地掃描,據(jù)大英圖書館說,每掃描一頁一般需花費(fèi)1英鎊(1.5美元)。

佛蒙特大學(xué)古典文學(xué)副教授約翰?富蘭克林說,“把手稿放在網(wǎng)上已變得相當(dāng)普遍”,大英圖書館此舉是其中的“一部分”。他還說,包括他所在的大學(xué)在內(nèi),“數(shù)百家機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)做了或正在做同樣的事。”

富蘭克林說,“公眾可以詳細(xì)閱讀這么多手稿確實(shí)很棒。”同時(shí)他強(qiáng)調(diào)了這些材料的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,并舉例指出它可以作為教學(xué)輔助工具,幫助那些學(xué)習(xí)破解中古希臘語的學(xué)生。

大英圖書館已經(jīng)做了大量工作,將許多館藏都放到了網(wǎng)上,既有19世紀(jì)的報(bào)紙,也有收藏的瑰寶,其中包括《林迪斯芳福音書》、精選的列奧納多?達(dá)?芬奇的素描,還有現(xiàn)存的最古老的基督教圣經(jīng)完整版本《西奈抄本》。

該館的古希臘手稿上網(wǎng)項(xiàng)目由斯塔弗洛斯?尼阿科斯基金會(huì)資助,該基金會(huì)支持與希臘相關(guān)的文化藝術(shù)活動(dòng)。

另一批文獻(xiàn)(大約250份)預(yù)計(jì)于2012年在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布。

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(中國日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 實(shí)習(xí)生強(qiáng)鳳華 編輯:陳丹妮)

Vocabulary:

cache: a hidden store of things(秘密)貯存物

boon: something that is very helpful and makes life easier for you(非常有用的東西;益處)

pore over something: 認(rèn)真研讀

on end: for the stated length of time, without stopping(連續(xù)地;不斷地)

notably: to a great degree(極大程度上;非常)

unravel: to explain something that is difficult to understand or is mysterious; to become clearer or easier to understand(闡釋;說明;澄清;變得清楚易懂)

 
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