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悲觀者抱怨風(fēng)大，樂觀者期待風(fēng)停，而防御性悲觀者會(huì)調(diào)整風(fēng)帆。有時(shí)候適當(dāng)?shù)谋^能讓我們做好充足的準(zhǔn)備來應(yīng)對(duì)可以預(yù)見的困境，這種未雨綢繆的心態(tài)就叫defensive pessimism（防御性悲觀）。

Defensive pessimism is a strategy that anticipates a negative outcome and then takes steps to avoid that outcome.

防御性悲觀是一種預(yù)測(cè)消極后果并采取相應(yīng)防范措施的心理策略。

Defensive pessimists tend to be very successful people, and their low opinion of the outcome isn't realistic; they use it to motivate themselves to perform better.

防御性悲觀主義者往往會(huì)是成功人士，他們對(duì)于結(jié)果的低期望值和現(xiàn)實(shí)并不相符，他們只是以此來激勵(lì)自己做得更好。

Defensive pessimism can be very constructive on the organization level. Financial giant J.P. Morgan Stanley faced the reality that the highly symbolic building they occupied was a prime terrorist target. They responded by implementing escape drills, which they expected everyone to attend and take seriously. This heads-up attitude proved to be lifesaving later on 9/11. In spite of receiving an almost direct hit, they lost only seven employees.

防御性悲觀主義對(duì)于組織來說也是非常有建設(shè)性的。金融巨頭JP摩根斯坦利公司直面自己所在的標(biāo)志性建筑最容易招致恐怖主義襲擊這一事實(shí)，讓每個(gè)人都認(rèn)真參與了逃亡演習(xí)。這種未雨綢繆的態(tài)度在后來的9?11事件中挽救了許多生命。盡管他們受到了直接襲擊，但只有7名雇員喪生。

相關(guān)閱讀

T型人格 type T personality

樂活族 LOHAS

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（中國日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 實(shí)習(xí)生蔡冬梅 編輯陳丹妮）