日韩精品久久一区二区三区_亚洲色图p_亚洲综合在线最大成人_国产中出在线观看_日韩免费_亚洲综合在线一区

We have launched E-mail Alert service,subscribers can receive the latest catalogues free of charge

 
 
You Are Here: Home > Publications> Articles

It is Imperative to Reform the Basic Education Input System in Rural Areas

2004-12-13

Luo Dan

I. Since 1990s, the Basic Education Input in Rural Areas Has Witnessed a Rapid Increase.

In order to investigate into the grassroots financial input in education, we have chosen the Shishi City of Fujian Province, Wenjiang District of Chengdu City, Liling City of Hunan Province, Helinge’er County of Inner Mongolia and Yanchi County of Ningxia to respectively represent regions of very high, relatively high, medium, relatively low, and very low economic development levels and serve as samples for our investigation and study.

The findings show a constant rise of the grassroots financial input in educational fund for most years since 1990s. During 1990~2003, the educational fund of Shishi City increased at an average annual rate of 17.81%. During 1990~2003, the average annual increase rate of the educational fund of Wenjiang District reached 20.14%. Between 1992 and 2002, the educational fund of Liling City increased at an average annual rate of 14.08%. Between 1995 and 2003, the educational fund of Helinge’er County increased 17.28% annually on average.

II. Educational Input in Regions of Medium, Relatively Low and Very Low Economic Development Levels Is Still Inadequate; Regional Disparity Is Relatively Huge; Floating Population Lacks the Conditions to Receive Basic Education.

Viewed from the total amount of input, the basic education input in the rural areas of regions of very high and relatively high economic development levels can be guaranteed, however, educational input in regions of medium, relatively low and very low economic development levels is still inadequate. Due to the scant input, the number of persons deprived of education in the rural areas of these regions are relatively large, the ratios of teachers to students are improper, and quality of the teachers needs prompt improvement, wage and welfare are still insufficient, teaching and studying conditions are relatively poor, the average floor area of school building per student is not adequate, the burden in renovating dilapidated buildings is still heavy, and in order to come up to the standards of "basically realizing universal nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating young adult illiterates", the educational departments and schools have incurred heavy debts.

There is a relatively huge disparity between different regions in terms of the average educational fund per student, especially for junior high school students. For example, in 2003, the average educational fund per pupil in Shishi City was RMB 326.41 and RMB 565.89 more than those of the Helinge’er County and the Yanchi County respectively, and the average educational fund for each junior high school student in Shishi City was RMB 1053.56 and RMB 1394.74 more than those of the Helinge’er County and the Yanchi County respectively, which was over twice as much as those of the latter two.

Viewed from the educational phases, shortage of educational input in senior high schools does deserve great attention. At present, the number of pupils enrolled in the primary schools of the Liling City is decreasing at a rapid rate, reduced by 75.45% during 1997~2003. At the same time, the number of students at junior high schools increased by 52.90%. By 2007, the number of students at senior high schools will reach a peak, with over 20,000 students annually. Judged from the current situation, senior high education is regarded as private service with less support from the government.

Unauthorized charges imposed by the public primary and high schools on the children of peasants has not been banned. The overcharge for transient primary school students varies from RMB 200 to RMB 400~500 for each semester, which may be paid in the form of a lump sum of "donation", usually RMB 1200 for primary schools, and several thousand for junior high schools.

III. Relevant Policy Recommendations

1. Increase the proportion of fiscal expenditure in basic education input. In China, the proportion of education expenditures from the central budget in GDP is not only below the level of the developed countries(4.8% in 1998) but also is much lower than that of the developing countries (3.5% in 1995). It is necessary to further reinforce the role of the public function of the central financing in respect of the basic education in rural areas.

2. The central budget should undertake more responsibilities in respect of the basic education input in the rural areas. Presently, the proportion of the state financial revenue and provincial financial revenues in the total financial revenue is getting larger and larger, however, the responsibility in respect of education input has not been transferred to the higher-level authorities. To reform the fiscal system in rural areas, the Central Government and the people’s governments at the provincial and municipal levels should shoulder more responsibilities in rural education.

3. Establish a standard payment transfer system. It is necessary to make greater efforts in respect of general transfer payment. Apart from the requirement that it must be used for basic education in the rural areas, there is no specific prescription as to whether the general transfer payment shall be used for capital construction or the payment of teachers’ salary, and supporting fund shall not be demanded from the local government.

4. Continue to intensify efforts in respect of the basic education input in the poor areas, and include the basic education in the rural areas of the medium-level developed regions in the range of payment transfer. In the upcoming several years, apart from transfer payment in the form of salary, the annual special transfer payment used for rural education of the western region will amount to 10 billion Renminbi, which will contribute a great deal to the development of the basic education in the western region.

Actually, the educational fund in the central region is also in short supply, therefore, it is necessary to include the educational fund in the central region in the payment transfer framework of the central budget. The level of basic education input from the local budget shall be appraised and decided on the basis of calculating the basic educational fund demanded by the regions of medium and lower economic development levels. The insufficiency shall be made up by the transfer payment of the Central Government and the higher authorities.

5. The governments of the cities and towns of influx and public schools shall be mainly responsible for the compulsory education of the children of peasants seeking employment in the cities. Apart from the tuition and incidentals, it is forbidden to collect "donations" and overcharge for transient students.

6. At the present stage, the senior high school education shall be taken as quasi public service, and shall have the vigorous support from the government.

September 2004

 
主站蜘蛛池模板: 毛片在线不卡 | 91精品国产91久久久久 | 色婷婷亚洲五月色综合色 | 免费看欧美成人性色生活片 | 国产99精品| 久久久久久免费一区二区三区 | 亚洲午夜av| 色接久久 | 日韩做A爰片久久毛片A片 | 欧美一级特黄毛片免费 | 久久lu| 欧美日韩xxx | 污版视频在线观看 | 亚洲天堂一区二区三区四区 | 久久夜色精品 | 成人精品视频在线观看 | 国产精选91热在线观看 | 精品视频国产 | 成人av免费在线观看 | 久草在线免费新视频 | 性一级录像片片视频免费看 | 久久女人被添全过程A片 | 欧美一区二区三区爽大粗免费 | 一区二区三区欧美在线 | 一区二区三区高清在线观看 | 日韩欧美中国a v | 九九精品激情在线视频 | 中文一区二区 | 天天干com| 欧美黄色一区 | 欧美久草 | 日产精品卡二卡三卡四卡乱码视频 | 欧美视频网站 | 中文字幕在线精品 | 欧美一级高潮片免费的 | 国产高清片 | 色综合视频在线 | 男女啪啪免费视频 | 可以看的毛片 | 色精品 | 美女视频一区 |