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北外2011年碩士研究生入學考試試題

[ 2012-06-04 15:23]

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北外2012年碩士研究生入學考試試題

招生專業：復語同聲傳譯

科目名稱：英漢互譯（考試時間3小時，滿分150分，全部寫在答題紙上，答在試題頁上無效）

一、將下列段落譯為漢語（25分）

Print books may be under siege from the rise of e-books. but they have a tenacious hold on a particular group: children and toddlers. Their parents are insisting this next generation of readers spend their early years with old-fashioned books. This is the case even with parents who themselves are die-hard downloaders of books onto Kindles, iPads, laptops and phones. They freely acknowledge their digital double standard, saying they want their children to be surrounded by print books. to experience turning physical pages as they learn about shapes, colors and animals. Parents also say they- like cuddling up with their child and a book, and fear that a shiny gadget might get all the attention. Also, if little Joey is going to spit up, a book may be easier to clean than a tablet computer.

As the adult book world turns digital at a faster rate than publishers expected, sales of e-books for titles aimed at children under 8 have barely budged. They represent Jess than 5 percent of total annual sales of children's books, several publishers estimated, compared with more than 25 percent in some categories of adult books. Many print books are also bought as gifts, since the delights of an Amazon gift card are lost on most 6-year-olds.

電子書的興起也許正在威脅實體書，但后者依然保有一個特別的讀者群，即少年兒童。家長仍然希望子女讀著傳統圖書長大，即使熱衷于用Kindle、iPad、筆記本電腦或手機下載電子書的家長也是如此。他們坦誠采用了雙重標準，希望自己的孩子生活在實體書的包圍下，讓子女在學習各種形狀、顏色和動物的同時有實實在在翻書閱讀的體驗。家長表示更喜歡抱著孩子一起看實體書，因為高科技設備可能會分散孩子的注意力，而且如果沾到小寶寶的口水，紙質書也比平板電腦好清理。

成人閱讀市場日益數字化，速度之快超過了出版商的預期。而面向8歲以下兒童電子讀物的銷售卻沒什么變化。據幾家出版商估計，電子讀物在兒童書籍年度總銷量中的份額不到5%，而某些類別成人書籍的這一比例已超過25%。很多人買實體書也是為了送禮，畢竟6歲大的孩子大多并不喜歡亞馬遜禮品卡。

二、將下列短文譯為漢語（50分）

Like most creatures on earth. humans come equipped with a circadian clock, a roughly 24-hour internal timer that keeps our sleep patterns in sync with our planet At least until genetics. age and our personal habits get in the way. Even though the average adult needs eight hours of sleep per night, there are "short-sleepers," who need far less. and morning people, who, research shows. often come from families of other morning people. Then there's the rest of us. who rely on alarm clocks.

For those who fantasize about greeting the dawn. there is hope. Sleep experts say that with a little discipline (well actually, a lot of discipline), most people can reset their circadian clocks. But it's not as simple as forcing yourself to go to bed earlier (you can't make a wide-awake brain sleep). It requires inducing a sort of jet lag without leaving your time zone. And sticking it out until your body clock resets itself. And then not resetting it again.

To start, move up your wake-up time by 20 minutes a day. If you regularly rise at 8 a.m., but really want to get moving at 6 a.m., set the alarm for 7:40 on Monday. The next day, set it for 7:20 and so on. Then, after you wake up, don't linger in bed. Hit yourself with light. In theory, you'll gradually get sleepy about 20 minutes earlier each night, and you can facilitate the transition by avoiding extra light exposure from computers or televisions as you near bedtime.

But recalibrating your inner clock requires more commitment than many people care to give. For some. it's almost impossible. Very early risers and longtime night owls have a hard time ever changing. Night-shift workers also struggle because they don't get the environmental and social cues that help adjust the circadian clock.

和地球上大多數生物一樣，人類也有生物鐘。這個內置計時器大概以24小時為周期，負責調節我們的睡眠模式，使之與地球的節律同步。至少在不受遺傳、年齡或個人生活習慣影響的情況下是這樣的。普通成年人每晚需要8小時睡眠，但也有“短睡眠者”，他們只需要睡很短的時間。還有自然就會早起的人。研究顯示，這樣的人，其父母先人往往也能自然早起。除此之外，其他的人要早起就得靠鬧鐘了。

想要早起迎接黎明，還是有希望的。睡眠專家指出，經過一點訓練（嗯，實際上需要很多訓練），大多數人能調整自己的生物鐘。但這不止是強迫自己早點上床那么簡單（大腦很興奮的時候，也睡不著）。這種訓練需要人為制造時差感，但不必為此穿越時區。堅持訓練，直到體內的生物鐘調整到位，然后保持新的節律。

首先，每天把起床時間提前20分鐘。如果一般在早上8點起床，而你希望提前到6點，星期一就把鬧鐘定在7點40，星期二定在7點20，依此類推。其次，每天醒來后，不要賴床，要讓自己暴露在光線下。從理論上講，每天晚上你會比前一天提前20分鐘感到睡意。為了增強效果，臨睡前應該避免電腦、電視等發出的亮光。

但調整生物鐘要下定決心，很多人覺得困難，有些人則根本做不到。起得很早的人和長期熬夜的人都很難改變作息規律。夜班工人改變起來也很吃力，因為他們接收不到調整生物鐘所需的環境信號和社會信號。

三、將下列段落譯為英語（25分）

雖然導致不平等的原因很多，但我們可以大體上把它們分為三類。一類是社會條件或家庭出身，例如在中國，與出生于貧困農村的人們相比，一個出生在大城市的人通常擁有更多的收入和更好的社會處境。另外一類是自然天賦，有些人天生聰明或健壯，有些人則天生愚笨或孱弱，前者一般也會比后者擁有更多的收入并處于更好的狀況。最后一類是抱負和努力程度，在其他條件相同的情況下，更有抱負和更努力的人們通常也會有更多的收入。

The causes of inequality are many and varied, and may be broadly grouped into three factors. The first is social condition or family background. In China, for example, someone born and bred in the city usually earns a higher income and enjoys better social services. The second is aptitude. The cleverer or stronger ones usually earn more and enjoy better conditions than the lesser endowed. The final one is ambition and diligence. All things being equal, someone who aims higher and works harder often earns more.

四、將下列短文譯為英語（50分）

從1750年以來，世界進行了四次工業革命：第一次就是英國工業革命，中國失去了機會。第二次是十九世紀下半葉美國的工業革命，中國也同樣失去了機會。第三次工業革命，是20世紀后半葉出現的信息革命。當時中國的領導人敏銳地認識到了這一重大歷史變化，中國抓住了這次信息革命的重大機遇。

進入二十一世紀，人類迎來了第四次工業革命——綠色工業革命。可以說這一次全球減排，就是綠色工業革命的標志。我們希望這一次工業革命中國要成為領導者、創新者和驅動者，和美國和歐盟和日本站在同一起跑線上領導這場革命。今后中國領導人面臨兩大迫切問題：一是如何實現中國經濟轉型，即從高碳經濟轉向低碳經濟；二是如何參與全球治理，即從國家治理轉向地區治理、全球治理。

Since 1750, the world has seen four industrial revolutions. The first one took place in Britain; and China missed the boat. The second one occurred in the latter half of the 19th century; and China missed the boat. The third one was driven by the revolution in communication technology in the second half of the 20th Century. This time, Chinese leaders realized that it was a historic moment of change, and China caught the wave.

The 21st century is receiving the Fourth Industrial Revolution-the Green Revolution, symbolized by this global move to reduce emission. This time, we hope that China can be the innovator, the leader and driver running head-to-head with the U.S., Europe and Japan. To achieve this, China has to accomplish two things transition from a high carbon economy to a low carbon economy; second, participation in global governance. i.e., to shift its focus from national governance to regional and global governance.