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（三）堅持深化改革開放，不斷完善有利于科學發展的體制機制。我們把深化改革開放作為應對國際金融危機的強大動力，努力消除體制障礙，不斷提高對外開放水平。

3. Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically. We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.

重點領域和關鍵環節改革加快推進。增值稅轉型全面實施。成品油價格和稅費改革順利推進，新的成品油價格形成機制規范運行。國家開發銀行商業化轉型和農業銀行股份制改革扎實推進，跨境貿易人民幣結算試點啟動實施。創業板正式推出，為自主創新及其他成長型創業企業開辟了新的融資渠道。地方政府機構改革有序開展，事業單位分類改革試點穩步進行。集體林權制度改革全面推開，15億畝林地確權到戶，占全國集體林地面積的60%，這是繼土地家庭承包之后我國農村經營制度的又一重大變革。

We accelerated reform in key areas and links. We comprehensively carried out VAT reform. The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new mechanism for pricing them worked well. We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade. The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises. We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type. We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests. We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country’s total area of collective forests. This is another major reform of China’s rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.

開放型經濟水平不斷提高。出臺一系列穩定外需的政策措施，采取符合國際慣例的方式支持出口企業，完成短期出口信用保險承保900億美元，安排421 億美元大型成套設備出口融資保險。鼓勵增加進口。去年下半年開始進出口降幅明顯收窄，國際市場份額得到鞏固，全年進出口總額2.2萬億美元。扭轉利用外資下降局面，全年實際利用外商直接投資900億美元。企業“走出去”逆勢上揚，非金融類對外直接投資和對外工程承包營業額分別達433億美元和777億美元。積極參與國際宏觀經濟政策對話協調和經貿金融合作，在共同應對國際金融危機中發揮了建設性作用。

We constantly raised the level of the open economy. We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large equipment. We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year; falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets. Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion. We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year. More enterprises "went global" in spite of the adverse situation; non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion. We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.

（四）著力改善民生，加快發展社會事業。在應對國際金融危機的困難情況下，我們更加注重保障和改善民生，切實解決人民群眾最關心、最直接、最現實的利益問題。

4. Striving to improve people’s wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs. In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people’s wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.

實施更加積極的就業政策。強化政府促進就業的責任。中央財政安排就業專項資金426億元，比上年增長 59%。實施困難企業緩繳社會保險費或降低部分費率、再就業稅收減免及提供相關補貼等政策，鼓勵企業穩定和增加就業。開展系列就業服務活動，多渠道開辟公益性就業崗位，促進高校畢業生到基層就業、應征入伍和到企事業單位就業見習。全年組織2100萬城鄉勞動者參加職業培訓。這些措施促進了就業的基本穩定。

We implemented a more active employment policy. We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment. The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%. For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions. We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment. We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns. We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers. These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.

加快完善社會保障體系。普遍建立養老保險省級統籌制度，出臺包括農民工在內的城鎮企業職工養老保險關系轉移接續辦法。在320個縣開展新型農村社會養老保險試點，推動我國社會保障制度建設邁出歷史性步伐。中央財政安排社會保障資金2906億元，比上年增長16.6%。企業退休人員基本養老金連續5年增加，去年又人均提高10%。農村五保戶供養水平、優撫對象撫恤補助標準、城鄉低保對象保障水平都有新的提高。中央財政安排保障性安居工程補助資金551 億元，比上年增長2倍。新建、改擴建各類保障性住房200萬套，棚戶區改造解決住房130萬套。全國社會保障基金積累6927億元，比上年增長 44.2%。社會保障體系得到加強。

We accelerated improvements in the social security system. We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers. We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 counties - a historic step forward in the development of China’s social security system. The central government allocated 290.6 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 16.6%. Pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the fifth consecutive year and registered another 10% rise per person. We provided better care for childless and infirm rural residents receiving guarantees of food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses. We increased subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural recipients. The central government used 55.1 billion yuan to develop low-income housing projects, a two-fold increase over the previous year. We built, renovated or expanded 2 million low-income housing units of various types, and renovated or built 1:3 million housing units in run-down areas. Nationwide, social security funds reached 692.’7 billion yuan, an increase of 44.2%. We strengthened the social security system.

進一步促進教育公平。大幅度增加全國教育支出，其中中央財政支出1981億元，比上年增長23.6%。全面落實城鄉義務教育政策，中央下達農村義務教育經費666億元，提前一年實現農村中小學生人均公用經費500元和300元的目標。實行義務教育階段教師績效工資制度。中等職業學校農村家庭經濟困難學生和涉農專業學生免學費政策開始實施。國家助學制度不斷完善，資助學生2871萬人，基本保障了困難家庭的孩子不因貧困而失學。

We made education more equitable. We increased education spending nationwide significantly, including central government spending of 198.1 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%. We comprehensively implemented the urban and rural compulsory education policy, spent 66.6 billion yuan of central government funds on rural compulsory education, and reached the target of raising public spending for rural secondary and primary school students to an average of 500 yuan and 300 yuan per student respectively a year ahead of schedule. We implemented a performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers. We started to implement the policy of free tuition for rural students attending secondary vocational schools whose families have financial difficulties and students in such schools who are studying agriculture-related majors. We constantly improved the national student financial aid system; which benefited 28.71 million students and basically ensured that no children from poor families were denied schooling due to financial difficulties.

穩步推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。組織實施醫藥衛生體制改革。中央財政醫療衛生支出1277億元，比上年增長49.5%。城鎮職工和城鎮居民基本醫療保險參保4.01億人，新型農村合作醫療制度覆蓋8.3億人。中央財政安排429億元，解決關閉破產國有企業退休人員醫療保險問題。基本藥物制度在30％的基層醫療衛生機構實施。中央財政支持建設了一批縣級醫院、鄉鎮中心衛生院和社區衛生服務中心。啟動實施擴大乙肝疫苗接種等重大公共衛生服務專項。加強食品、藥品安全專項整治。面對突如其來的甲型HlN1流感疫情，我們依法科學有序地開展防控工作，有效保障了人民群眾生命安全，維護了社會正常秩序。

We made steady progress in the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields. We organized the implementation of the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems. The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5%. A total of 401 million urban workers and non-working urban residents subscribed to basic medical insurance; and coverage of the new type of rural cooperative medical care system reached $30 million people. The central government allocated 42.9 billion yuan to solve the problem of medical insurance for retired workers from closed and bankrupt state-owned enterprises. The basic drug system has been implemented in 30% of primary-level medical and health care institutions. Central government funds were used to support the construction of a number of county-level hospitals, town and township central hospitals, and community health service centers. We launched major public health service projects, including one to increase vaccinations against hepatitis B. We intensified special campaigns for food and drug safety. Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A (H1N1), we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people’s lives and maintained normal order in society.

在國際金融危機嚴重沖擊、世界經濟負增長的背景下，我國取得這樣的成績極為不易。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央統攬全局、正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民和衷共濟、團結奮斗的結果。在這里，我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

It was not at all easy for our country to make all these achievements against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy: They were the result of the overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army, and the people of all of our ethnic groups. On behalf of the Mate Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all of our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations, and people from all sectors of society. I also express our sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations, and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China’s modernization.

一年來，我們認真貫徹落實科學發展觀，積極應對國際金融危機，全面做好政府工作，有以下幾點體會：必須堅持運用市場機制和宏觀調控兩種手段，在堅持市場經濟改革方向、發揮市場配置資源基礎性作用、激發市場活力的同時，充分發揮我國社會主義制度決策高效、組織有力、集中力量辦大事的優勢。必須堅持處理好短期和長期兩方面關系，注重遠近結合、標本兼治，既克服短期困難、解決突出矛盾，又加強重點領域和薄弱環節、為長遠發展奠定基礎。必須堅持統籌國內國際兩個大局，把擴大內需作為長期戰略方針，堅定不移地實行互利共贏的開放戰略，加快形成內需外需協調拉動經濟增長的格局。必須堅持發展經濟與改善民生、維護社會公平正義的內在統一，圍繞改善民生謀發展，把改善民生作為經濟發展的出發點、落腳點和持久動力，著眼維護公平正義，讓全體人民共享改革發展成果，促進社會和諧穩定。必須堅持發揮中央和地方兩個積極性，既強調統一思想、顧全大局，又鼓勵因地制宜、探索創新，形成共克時艱的強大合力。這些經驗對我們堅持中國特色社會主義道路，提高駕馭社會主義市場經濟能力，推進現代化進程，具有重要而深遠的意義。

In the course of the past year, as we conscientiously applied the Scientific Outlook on Development; vigorously responded to the global financial crisis and completed all of our government work, we came to the following conclusions: We must continue to make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control, that is, at the same time as we keep our reforms oriented toward a market economy, let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources, and stimulate the market’s vitality, we must make best use of the socialist system’s advantages, which enable us to make decisions efficiently, organize effectively, and concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings. We must balance long- and short-term interests, take into account long- and short-term needs, and address both the symptoms and root causes of problems. We must overcome short-term difficulties and solve major problems as well as strengthen key areas and weak links in order to lay a foundation for long-term development. We must continue to consider domestic and international situations, make it a long-term strategic policy to boost domestic demand, adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up, and quickly formulate a pattern in which domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert. We must always remember that developing the economy is inseparable from improving people’s wellbeing and safeguarding social fairness and justice; make improving people’s wellbeing the focus of development, and the starting point, goal, and lasting driving force of economic development; strive to safeguard fairness and justice; ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development; and promote social harmony and stability. We must give free rein to the initiative of both the central and local authorities. While stressing unity of thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to encourage everyone to proceed in light of local conditions and make explorations and innovations, in order to form a powerful, concerted force for overcoming present difficulties. All of these experiences are of vital and profound significance for keeping to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving our ability to run the socialist market economy, and pushing ahead the process of modernization.