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（三）堅(jiān)持深化改革開放，不斷完善有利于科學(xué)發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制。我們把深化改革開放作為應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)的強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力，努力消除體制障礙，不斷提高對外開放水平。

3. Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically. We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.

重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革加快推進(jìn)。增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型全面實(shí)施。成品油價(jià)格和稅費(fèi)改革順利推進(jìn)，新的成品油價(jià)格形成機(jī)制規(guī)范運(yùn)行。國家開發(fā)銀行商業(yè)化轉(zhuǎn)型和農(nóng)業(yè)銀行股份制改革扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算試點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)實(shí)施。創(chuàng)業(yè)板正式推出，為自主創(chuàng)新及其他成長型創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)開辟了新的融資渠道。地方政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革有序開展，事業(yè)單位分類改革試點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步進(jìn)行。集體林權(quán)制度改革全面推開，15億畝林地確權(quán)到戶，占全國集體林地面積的60%，這是繼土地家庭承包之后我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)營制度的又一重大變革。

We accelerated reform in key areas and links. We comprehensively carried out VAT reform. The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new mechanism for pricing them worked well. We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade. The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises. We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type. We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests. We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country’s total area of collective forests. This is another major reform of China’s rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.

開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平不斷提高。出臺(tái)一系列穩(wěn)定外需的政策措施，采取符合國際慣例的方式支持出口企業(yè)，完成短期出口信用保險(xiǎn)承保900億美元，安排421 億美元大型成套設(shè)備出口融資保險(xiǎn)。鼓勵(lì)增加進(jìn)口。去年下半年開始進(jìn)出口降幅明顯收窄，國際市場份額得到鞏固，全年進(jìn)出口總額2.2萬億美元。扭轉(zhuǎn)利用外資下降局面，全年實(shí)際利用外商直接投資900億美元。企業(yè)“走出去”逆勢上揚(yáng)，非金融類對外直接投資和對外工程承包營業(yè)額分別達(dá)433億美元和777億美元。積極參與國際宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策對話協(xié)調(diào)和經(jīng)貿(mào)金融合作，在共同應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)中發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用。

We constantly raised the level of the open economy. We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large equipment. We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year; falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets. Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion. We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year. More enterprises "went global" in spite of the adverse situation; non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion. We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.

（四）著力改善民生，加快發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)。在應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)的困難情況下，我們更加注重保障和改善民生，切實(shí)解決人民群眾最關(guān)心、最直接、最現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問題。

4. Striving to improve people’s wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs. In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people’s wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.

實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。強(qiáng)化政府促進(jìn)就業(yè)的責(zé)任。中央財(cái)政安排就業(yè)專項(xiàng)資金426億元，比上年增長 59%。實(shí)施困難企業(yè)緩繳社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)或降低部分費(fèi)率、再就業(yè)稅收減免及提供相關(guān)補(bǔ)貼等政策，鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)穩(wěn)定和增加就業(yè)。開展系列就業(yè)服務(wù)活動(dòng)，多渠道開辟公益性就業(yè)崗位，促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生到基層就業(yè)、應(yīng)征入伍和到企事業(yè)單位就業(yè)見習(xí)。全年組織2100萬城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)者參加職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。這些措施促進(jìn)了就業(yè)的基本穩(wěn)定。

We implemented a more active employment policy. We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment. The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%. For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions. We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment. We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns. We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers. These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.

加快完善社會(huì)保障體系。普遍建立養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)省級統(tǒng)籌制度，出臺(tái)包括農(nóng)民工在內(nèi)的城鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)職工養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)辦法。在320個(gè)縣開展新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，推動(dòng)我國社會(huì)保障制度建設(shè)邁出歷史性步伐。中央財(cái)政安排社會(huì)保障資金2906億元，比上年增長16.6%。企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金連續(xù)5年增加，去年又人均提高10%。農(nóng)村五保戶供養(yǎng)水平、優(yōu)撫對象撫恤補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、城鄉(xiāng)低保對象保障水平都有新的提高。中央財(cái)政安排保障性安居工程補(bǔ)助資金551 億元，比上年增長2倍。新建、改擴(kuò)建各類保障性住房200萬套，棚戶區(qū)改造解決住房130萬套。全國社會(huì)保障基金積累6927億元，比上年增長 44.2%。社會(huì)保障體系得到加強(qiáng)。

We accelerated improvements in the social security system. We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers. We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 counties - a historic step forward in the development of China’s social security system. The central government allocated 290.6 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 16.6%. Pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the fifth consecutive year and registered another 10% rise per person. We provided better care for childless and infirm rural residents receiving guarantees of food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses. We increased subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural recipients. The central government used 55.1 billion yuan to develop low-income housing projects, a two-fold increase over the previous year. We built, renovated or expanded 2 million low-income housing units of various types, and renovated or built 1:3 million housing units in run-down areas. Nationwide, social security funds reached 692.’7 billion yuan, an increase of 44.2%. We strengthened the social security system.

進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)教育公平。大幅度增加全國教育支出，其中中央財(cái)政支出1981億元，比上年增長23.6%。全面落實(shí)城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育政策，中央下達(dá)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)666億元，提前一年實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村中小學(xué)生人均公用經(jīng)費(fèi)500元和300元的目標(biāo)。實(shí)行義務(wù)教育階段教師績效工資制度。中等職業(yè)學(xué)校農(nóng)村家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生和涉農(nóng)專業(yè)學(xué)生免學(xué)費(fèi)政策開始實(shí)施。國家助學(xué)制度不斷完善，資助學(xué)生2871萬人，基本保障了困難家庭的孩子不因貧困而失學(xué)。

We made education more equitable. We increased education spending nationwide significantly, including central government spending of 198.1 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%. We comprehensively implemented the urban and rural compulsory education policy, spent 66.6 billion yuan of central government funds on rural compulsory education, and reached the target of raising public spending for rural secondary and primary school students to an average of 500 yuan and 300 yuan per student respectively a year ahead of schedule. We implemented a performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers. We started to implement the policy of free tuition for rural students attending secondary vocational schools whose families have financial difficulties and students in such schools who are studying agriculture-related majors. We constantly improved the national student financial aid system; which benefited 28.71 million students and basically ensured that no children from poor families were denied schooling due to financial difficulties.

穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。組織實(shí)施醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革。中央財(cái)政醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生支出1277億元，比上年增長49.5%。城鎮(zhèn)職工和城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)參保4.01億人，新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度覆蓋8.3億人。中央財(cái)政安排429億元，解決關(guān)閉破產(chǎn)國有企業(yè)退休人員醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)問題。基本藥物制度在30％的基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施。中央財(cái)政支持建設(shè)了一批縣級醫(yī)院、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中心衛(wèi)生院和社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心。啟動(dòng)實(shí)施擴(kuò)大乙肝疫苗接種等重大公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)專項(xiàng)。加強(qiáng)食品、藥品安全專項(xiàng)整治。面對突如其來的甲型HlN1流感疫情，我們依法科學(xué)有序地開展防控工作，有效保障了人民群眾生命安全，維護(hù)了社會(huì)正常秩序。

We made steady progress in the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields. We organized the implementation of the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems. The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5%. A total of 401 million urban workers and non-working urban residents subscribed to basic medical insurance; and coverage of the new type of rural cooperative medical care system reached $30 million people. The central government allocated 42.9 billion yuan to solve the problem of medical insurance for retired workers from closed and bankrupt state-owned enterprises. The basic drug system has been implemented in 30% of primary-level medical and health care institutions. Central government funds were used to support the construction of a number of county-level hospitals, town and township central hospitals, and community health service centers. We launched major public health service projects, including one to increase vaccinations against hepatitis B. We intensified special campaigns for food and drug safety. Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A (H1N1), we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people’s lives and maintained normal order in society.

在國際金融危機(jī)嚴(yán)重沖擊、世界經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)增長的背景下，我國取得這樣的成績極為不易。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央統(tǒng)攬全局、正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民和衷共濟(jì)、團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗的結(jié)果。在這里，我代表國務(wù)院，向全國各族人民，各民主黨派、各人民團(tuán)體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺(tái)灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關(guān)心和支持中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

It was not at all easy for our country to make all these achievements against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy: They were the result of the overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army, and the people of all of our ethnic groups. On behalf of the Mate Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all of our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations, and people from all sectors of society. I also express our sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations, and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China’s modernization.

一年來，我們認(rèn)真貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，積極應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)，全面做好政府工作，有以下幾點(diǎn)體會(huì)：必須堅(jiān)持運(yùn)用市場機(jī)制和宏觀調(diào)控兩種手段，在堅(jiān)持市場經(jīng)濟(jì)改革方向、發(fā)揮市場配置資源基礎(chǔ)性作用、激發(fā)市場活力的同時(shí)，充分發(fā)揮我國社會(huì)主義制度決策高效、組織有力、集中力量辦大事的優(yōu)勢。必須堅(jiān)持處理好短期和長期兩方面關(guān)系，注重遠(yuǎn)近結(jié)合、標(biāo)本兼治，既克服短期困難、解決突出矛盾，又加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、為長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。必須堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)國際兩個(gè)大局，把擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需作為長期戰(zhàn)略方針，堅(jiān)定不移地實(shí)行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，加快形成內(nèi)需外需協(xié)調(diào)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的格局。必須堅(jiān)持發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)與改善民生、維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義的內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一，圍繞改善民生謀發(fā)展，把改善民生作為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的出發(fā)點(diǎn)、落腳點(diǎn)和持久動(dòng)力，著眼維護(hù)公平正義，讓全體人民共享改革發(fā)展成果，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。必須堅(jiān)持發(fā)揮中央和地方兩個(gè)積極性，既強(qiáng)調(diào)統(tǒng)一思想、顧全大局，又鼓勵(lì)因地制宜、探索創(chuàng)新，形成共克時(shí)艱的強(qiáng)大合力。這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)對我們堅(jiān)持中國特色社會(huì)主義道路，提高駕馭社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)能力，推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程，具有重要而深遠(yuǎn)的意義。

In the course of the past year, as we conscientiously applied the Scientific Outlook on Development; vigorously responded to the global financial crisis and completed all of our government work, we came to the following conclusions: We must continue to make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control, that is, at the same time as we keep our reforms oriented toward a market economy, let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources, and stimulate the market’s vitality, we must make best use of the socialist system’s advantages, which enable us to make decisions efficiently, organize effectively, and concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings. We must balance long- and short-term interests, take into account long- and short-term needs, and address both the symptoms and root causes of problems. We must overcome short-term difficulties and solve major problems as well as strengthen key areas and weak links in order to lay a foundation for long-term development. We must continue to consider domestic and international situations, make it a long-term strategic policy to boost domestic demand, adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up, and quickly formulate a pattern in which domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert. We must always remember that developing the economy is inseparable from improving people’s wellbeing and safeguarding social fairness and justice; make improving people’s wellbeing the focus of development, and the starting point, goal, and lasting driving force of economic development; strive to safeguard fairness and justice; ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development; and promote social harmony and stability. We must give free rein to the initiative of both the central and local authorities. While stressing unity of thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to encourage everyone to proceed in light of local conditions and make explorations and innovations, in order to form a powerful, concerted force for overcoming present difficulties. All of these experiences are of vital and profound significance for keeping to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving our ability to run the socialist market economy, and pushing ahead the process of modernization.