近年來(lái)，“過(guò)勞死”已經(jīng)成為日本嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，引起各界的高度重視。迫于政府的壓力，企業(yè)也開(kāi)始出奇招來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)“過(guò)勞死”問(wèn)題。日前，一家日本公司就計(jì)劃用“音樂(lè)無(wú)人機(jī)”來(lái)驅(qū)趕加班的員工。專(zhuān)家表示，如果活兒沒(méi)干完，回家不是一樣要繼續(xù)干？這就是個(gè)騙局。

A Japanese firm is planning to use a drone to force employees out of their offices by playing music at them if they stay to work evening overtime.
一家日本公司計(jì)劃用無(wú)人機(jī)對(duì)著晚上加班的員工播放音樂(lè)，迫使員工離開(kāi)辦公室。

The drone will fly through offices after hours playing Auld Lang Syne, which is commonly used to announce that stores are closing.
無(wú)人機(jī)在下班時(shí)間后會(huì)飛過(guò)一間又一間辦公室，播放《友誼地久天長(zhǎng)》。這首樂(lè)曲通常在商店打烊的時(shí)候播放。

Japan has for years been trying to curb excessive overtime and the health issues and even deaths it can cause.
多年來(lái)，日本一直試圖遏制過(guò)度加班以及由此引發(fā)的健康問(wèn)題，甚至過(guò)勞死。

Experts were unimpressed, one branding it a "silly" idea.
專(zhuān)家們對(duì)該公司的這一舉措反應(yīng)冷淡，一名專(zhuān)家還認(rèn)為這個(gè)主意“很蠢”。

According to Japanese media, office security and cleaning firm Taisei will develop the device with drone maker Blue Innovation and telecommunications company NTT East.
據(jù)日本媒體報(bào)道，主營(yíng)辦公室安保和保潔的大成公司將同無(wú)人機(jī)制造商“藍(lán)色創(chuàng)新”和電信公司NTT East聯(lián)手研發(fā)這款無(wú)人機(jī)。

The camera-equipped drone will take flights through the office space playing the famous Scottish tune.
這款配備了攝像頭的無(wú)人機(jī)將在辦公區(qū)飛行，同時(shí)播放這首著名的蘇格蘭樂(lè)曲。

"You can't really work when you think 'it's coming over any time now' and hear Auld Lang Syne along with the buzz," Norihiro Kato, a director at Taisei, told news agency AFP.
大成公司的一位名叫Norihiro Kato的主管告訴法新社說(shuō)：“當(dāng)你想到無(wú)人機(jī)隨時(shí)可能過(guò)來(lái)并將聽(tīng)到伴隨著嗡嗡聲的《友誼地久天長(zhǎng)》，你就干不下去了。”

Taisei plans to start the drone service in April 2018 as a trial within their own company and later in the year offer it to others.
大成公司計(jì)劃從2018年4月起啟動(dòng)無(wú)人機(jī)服務(wù)，先在自己的公司試運(yùn)行，然后明年晚些時(shí)候開(kāi)始對(duì)外提供服務(wù)。

這種無(wú)人機(jī)真的能有效地杜絕加班嗎？來(lái)看看專(zhuān)家怎么說(shuō)。

"Will this help? The short answer is: no," Seijiro Takeshita, professor of management and information at the University of Shizuoka told the BBC.
日本靜岡縣立大學(xué)管理和信息學(xué)教授Seijiro Takeshita告訴BBC說(shuō)：“這會(huì)起作用嗎？簡(jiǎn)短的回答是：不會(huì)。”

"It's a pretty silly thing and companies are doing this just because they have to be seen to be doing something on the problem."
“這種做法挺蠢的，這些公司這么做是為了讓人們看到他們?yōu)榱私鉀Q問(wèn)題已經(jīng)有所行動(dòng)。”

The issue of excessive overtime is deeply rooted in the work culture and should be tackled from a more fundamental basis, he argues.
這位教授指出，過(guò)度加班的深層次原因在于日本的職場(chǎng)文化，應(yīng)該從根源解決問(wèn)題。

"Creating awareness is of course very important - but this is almost a hoax in my opinion."
“讓大家意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題當(dāng)然很重要——但在我看來(lái)這就是個(gè)騙局。”

Scott North, professor of sociology at Osaka University, said: "Even if this robotic harassment gets workers to leave the office, they will take work home with them if they have unfinished assignments."
大阪大學(xué)的社會(huì)學(xué)教授斯科特?諾斯說(shuō)：“就算這個(gè)擾民的無(wú)人機(jī)迫使員工離開(kāi)了辦公室，如果任務(wù)沒(méi)有完成，他們還是得帶回家繼續(xù)做。”

He added: "To cut overtime hours, it is necessary to reduce workloads, either by reducing the time-wasting tasks and tournament-style competitions for which Japanese workplaces are notorious, or by hiring more workers."
他還說(shuō)：“要減少加班時(shí)間，就必須減少工作量，要么減少浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的任務(wù)和日本企業(yè)間臭名昭著的榮譽(yù)之爭(zhēng)，要么雇傭更多人手。”

Japan has long been struggling to break its decades-old work culture where it is frowned upon to leave before your colleagues or boss.
長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)，日本一直努力要打破延續(xù)了數(shù)十年的職場(chǎng)文化，在這種文化下，先于同事或領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下班是讓人不悅的行為。

The problem of long hours has even led to the coining of a new word: karoshi, or dying from overwork.
工作時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)甚至催生了一個(gè)新詞：過(guò)勞死。

The habit, especially among people who are new at a company, is seen as the cause of many health problems leading to strokes, heart attacks and suicides.
普遍認(rèn)為，公司員工尤其是新人過(guò)度加班的習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致了許多健康問(wèn)題，進(jìn)而引發(fā)中風(fēng)、心臟病和自殺。

In October, advertising firm Dentsu was fined for violating labour laws after a young worker killed herself. She was later found to have worked 159 hours of overtime in one month.
十月份，廣告公司電通集團(tuán)的一名年輕員工自殺后，該公司因違反勞動(dòng)法被罰款。后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這名女員工在一個(gè)月內(nèi)加班時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)159個(gè)小時(shí)。

Earlier this year, the government introduced Premium Fridays, encouraging companies to let their employees leave at 15:00 on the last Friday of each month.
今年早些時(shí)候，日本政府出臺(tái)了超值星期五政策，鼓勵(lì)各公司讓員工在每個(gè)月的最后一個(gè)星期五下午3點(diǎn)就下班。

But the plan has failed to have an impact so far, with many employees saying the last Friday of the month is one of their busiest days.
但是到目前為止，這個(gè)計(jì)劃收效甚微，許多員工表示，每個(gè)月的最后一個(gè)星期五是他們最忙碌的一天。

【背景介紹】

據(jù)《讀賣(mài)新聞》報(bào)道，日本全職員工平均每年工作2000小時(shí)，比德國(guó)人、法國(guó)人長(zhǎng)400小時(shí)。20歲到50歲的日本勞動(dòng)者中，42.6%的人平均每月無(wú)償加班約16.7小時(shí)；85%的全職員工加班，20%的人每周工作超過(guò)60小時(shí)；大約一半的人加班不會(huì)獲得額外工資。

日本是出名的“加班大國(guó)”，超勤文化傳統(tǒng)悠久。對(duì)不少日本男性來(lái)說(shuō)，“朝6到晚11”的工作模式相當(dāng)普遍。清早從家乘地鐵到公司，上班并“例行”加班后，晚上繼續(xù)與同事或客戶(hù)去酒吧飲酒交際到深夜，凌晨3點(diǎn)爛醉回家，早上太陽(yáng)還沒(méi)升起就又返回公司。“這種生活模式早已成為日本的象征，就像日本壽司和日本漫畫(huà)一樣。”英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》評(píng)論道。

絕大多數(shù)工人在談到為什么要加班時(shí)，會(huì)說(shuō)“有太多必須要維持的工作”或“這是我的工作，我希望盡最大努力做好”。每天義務(wù)加班，在日語(yǔ)中有個(gè)詞“社畜”（公司奴隸），許多員工因此積郁成疾，猝死、自殺屢見(jiàn)不鮮。

1995年，日本精工、全日空等12家公司在內(nèi)的總經(jīng)理接連去世，年齡大多在四五十歲左右。2000年5月，首相小淵惠三去世，醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為他“積勞成疾，過(guò)勞猝死”。精英過(guò)勞死震撼了日本社會(huì)。

日本在2016年發(fā)布了首部《過(guò)勞死等防止對(duì)策白皮書(shū)》。白皮書(shū)稱(chēng)，“過(guò)勞死認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”為每月加班80小時(shí)以上。

統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，日本每年認(rèn)定過(guò)勞死的人數(shù)均在300人左右（不包括公務(wù)員過(guò)勞死），2000年以前每年認(rèn)定人數(shù)都在兩位數(shù)內(nèi)，過(guò)勞自殺的年認(rèn)定人數(shù)近5年也都在百人以上，認(rèn)定比例已上升至40%左右。

來(lái)源：BBC、《法治周末》
翻譯&編輯：丹妮