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Laws need better understanding 生命和法律責(zé)任孰輕孰重?
[ 2007-11-28 11:42 ]

When a pregnant woman suffering from dystocia needed a Caesarean section to save her life, her husband refused to sign the "operation agreement". The doctors and nurses could not carry out the operation and had to take protective measures to ease the woman's agony as much as possible.

In the end, the woman died beside the operation equipment that could otherwise have saved her life.

The incident happened a few days ago in a Beijing hospital and has shocked the country.

Going by media reports, the husband undoubtedly is the only one to blame. His stubborn refusal of the operation despite being warned of the consequences is tantamount to manslaughter.

The doctors and hospital staff were very concerned. They tried their best to persuade the husband to change his mind. They even notified the police, made all preparations for the operation, and did all they could to maintain the life of the woman.

But the hospital staff were bound by the agreement which ultimately cost the lives of two people, including the baby. It was the only possible choice of the hospital staff, for otherwise, they would have to bear responsibility for the consequences.

The husband was reluctant to sign the agreement because of the legal meaning of the signature. He knew he would have to bear all costs and the risk of the operation once he signed.

This tragedy typically shows the impact of legal concerns that arise in hospital-patient conflicts that occur frequently today. The increase in the strict obedience of the law, no matter the circumstances, is the result of efforts to make more people aware of the laws in recent years.

In the past, Chinese people would follow their ethical intuition in this kind of situation; but now they have become more "cool-minded" (or rather, cold-hearted).

The development of the understanding of laws in society is certainly a mark of social progress. However, there must be something wrong with the understanding of a particular law if it is followed so rigidly that a human life has to be lost. If the law itself states so, then it should be thrown into the dustbin.

Our problem is that over many years our efforts to promote knowledge of the laws, and the media reports about law-related cases, have been too focused on judicial responsibility. It prompts people to worry: "What kind of legal consequence will I face."

What kind of slogan have we used most in promoting knowledge of the laws? "Learn to protect your rights by legal means." People's understanding of the laws today is more an association between legality and interests. In a certain sense, our people have been misled.

Laws, in their original sense, requires people, in the first place, to observe certain rules so as to ensure that society gets along in an orderly and harmonious manner. It then punishes violators of the rules and regulations. In other words, for citizens, abiding by the laws to maintain social order is of primary importance, while avoiding violation of them, which incurs punishment, is of secondary importance.

Here the first thing is a legal obligation to maintain social justice while the second is to protect one's personal interests. People, however, intentionally or unintentionally, limit their understanding of law on the latter.

If anyone among the doctors, officials and policemen in the pregnant woman case had a correct understanding of the true meaning of law, someone would have said: "Put the legal responsibilities aside. Start the operation now."

Email: [email protected]

(China Daily 11/28/2007 page10)

 

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英文《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》11月28日評(píng)論員文章:由于丈夫不肯在手術(shù)同意書上簽字,由于沒有得到患者家屬簽字許可的醫(yī)生、護(hù)士們不敢擅自實(shí)施手術(shù),一名難產(chǎn)孕婦就在可以挽救她的生命的手術(shù)設(shè)備旁死亡。這件幾天前發(fā)生在北京一家醫(yī)院里的悲劇震驚了全國(guó)。

不論這件事故的責(zé)任將如何判定,令人無法接受的事實(shí)是:一樁只要做了就可以制止死亡的救命之舉生生地被棄置不用,人們眼睜睜地看著該女的生命余燼一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地熄滅。

就媒體的報(bào)道來看,該女的丈夫無疑是最大的、甚至可能是唯一的責(zé)任者。在被明白地告知不做手術(shù)的嚴(yán)重后果的情況下還堅(jiān)持不用手術(shù)的方法來挽救他妻子生命,這一行為說它是故意殺人一點(diǎn)也不為過。

在場(chǎng)的醫(yī)生和醫(yī)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)很著急,他們竭力地勸說這個(gè)愚蠢而固執(zhí)的男人,他們叫來了警察一起勸說,他們做好了手術(shù)的一切準(zhǔn)備,他們也盡一切可能用藥物來維持患婦的生命,但他們?nèi)匀辉诰热诵悦蛧?yán)守規(guī)定之間選擇了后者,聽任了兩個(gè)生命的消亡。也許他們是不得不做出這樣的選擇,因?yàn)橐蝗凰麄兙偷脼槿魏慰赡艿暮蠊袚?dān)法律責(zé)任。

而那個(gè)愚昧的丈夫遲遲不肯在手術(shù)同意書上寫下那幾個(gè)至關(guān)重要的字,也是因?yàn)樗M管愚昧卻知道這幾個(gè)字的責(zé)任分量。他知道簽了字就得獨(dú)自承擔(dān)手術(shù)的一切費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。從他后來聲稱是醫(yī)院“有責(zé)任”和指責(zé)醫(yī)生“害了”他的妻兒的行為來看,他從一開始就是希望把一切責(zé)任推給醫(yī)院的。

這件悲劇典型地反映了在當(dāng)前中國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的醫(yī)患沖突中,法律干涉的分量。人們?nèi)找嬖鰪?qiáng)的法律責(zé)任意識(shí)是過去許多年來法律知識(shí)普及的結(jié)果。在很久以前,中國(guó)人在這種事情中是聽從道德直覺的、聽從情感沖動(dòng)的;現(xiàn)在,人們變得更為“理性”,更為“冷靜”(或者說更為冷漠)了。

社會(huì)整體的法律意識(shí)的加強(qiáng),當(dāng)然是社會(huì)進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志。但如果為了維護(hù)法律的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而置生命于不顧,那這種法律認(rèn)識(shí)肯定是出了問題。如果法律本身就是這么規(guī)定的,那么這條法律就應(yīng)該見鬼去!

其實(shí),我們的問題在于這么多年來,法律知識(shí)的宣傳、涉法案件的報(bào)道太偏重于法律責(zé)任的承擔(dān)這個(gè)方面,讓人們一想起法律來,首先想到的“我要承擔(dān)什么樣的法律后果”。在我們的普法宣傳中,什么口號(hào)用的最多?是“學(xué)會(huì)用法律保護(hù)您的權(quán)益。”人們的法律意識(shí)更多地是法律與利益的關(guān)聯(lián)。這在一定意義上是被誤導(dǎo)了。

法律,就其產(chǎn)生的本意來說,首先是要求大家遵守一定的公共規(guī)則,以使我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)和諧、有序的社會(huì)壞境中生活。其次才是對(duì)違規(guī)的人施以相應(yīng)的懲罰。也就是說,對(duì)于公民而言,守法以維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序是第一位的,避免違規(guī)受罰是第二位的。第一點(diǎn)是維護(hù)社會(huì)正義的法律義務(wù),第二點(diǎn)是保護(hù)自身利益的合法行為。然而,現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)法律的認(rèn)識(shí),有意無意地都局限在后者上。

如果人們真正理解了法律的真實(shí)含義,那么在這個(gè)孕婦事件中一定會(huì)有人勇敢地站出來說一聲:“先把法律責(zé)任放一邊,開始手術(shù)吧,救人要緊。”(《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》評(píng)論員 劉式南)

About the author:
 

劉式南 高級(jí)編輯。1968年畢業(yè)于武漢華中師范學(xué)院(現(xiàn)華中師范大學(xué))英文系。1982年畢業(yè)于北京體育學(xué)院(現(xiàn)北京體育大學(xué))研究生院體育情報(bào)專業(yè)。1982年進(jìn)入中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)社,先后擔(dān)任體育記者、時(shí)政記者、國(guó)際新聞編輯、要聞版責(zé)任編輯、發(fā)稿部主任、《上海英文星報(bào)》總編輯、《中國(guó)商業(yè)周刊》總編輯等職。現(xiàn)任《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》總編輯助理及專欄作家。1997年獲國(guó)務(wù)院“特殊貢獻(xiàn)專家政府津貼”。2000年被中華全國(guó)新聞工作者協(xié)會(huì)授予“全國(guó)百佳新聞工作者”稱號(hào)。2006年獲中國(guó)新聞獎(jiǎng)二等獎(jiǎng)(編輯)。

 
 
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