Industrial chain For the middle-age group that grew up in villages and used to scratch a living from the land, urbanization has brought greater job opportunities and the chance to earn a higher income. That has promoted a change in skills. Xu Chunqing is among the tens of thousands of residents of Inner Mongolia that have undergone the transition to an urban lifestyle. The 40-year-old mother of two lives in Dongda village, part of Dalate town, close to the east end of the Kubuqi desert in north Ordos. Last year, she earned 100,000 yuan, double the salary of a local government officer. She earns her money by raising rex rabbits, a breed noted for its velvety fur. "Not every inch of Inner Mongolia is covered by grass and good for sheep and cattle. We live close to the desert, so farming can only provide just enough food to feed the family," she said. Dongda village has a population of 120,000. About 10,000 families breed rex rabbits and foxes. Because the gravely soil provides poor farmland, young people worked in laundries or as waiters, nannies or security guards. Starting in 1998, Xu worked as a dishwasher for almost 10 years, earning approximately 800 yuan per month for a 10-hour day, six days a week. In 2009, she received a job offer from Dongda Corp, a local enterprise that has invested 10 billion yuan to support the rural poor. "I'd never heard of raising rabbits for profit before, so I only bought 72 from the company," she said. Despite her doubts, Xu earned 2,300 yuan from the first batch of rabbits, which she sold after four months. That prompted her to quit her dishwashing job and sign a contract with the company to oversee two hutches, each containing 1,000 rabbits. In the years that followed, Xu raised around 6,000 rabbits in the hutches annually, bringing an annual income of 100,000 yuan. She bought a car last year and plans to sign a contract for another 20 hutches. "I felt proud because I earned more than my husband," she said. However, Xu's family is just one aspect of the environmental-friendly industrial system operating in the village. The local farmers have given up subsistence farming and have turned to cultivating sand willows. The local soil is perfect for the hardy trees; a single sapling will grow to maturity in a year and, helpfully, grows more rapidly after the branches have been snapped off. The fresh leaves and saplings provide good food for the rabbits, and the wood can be used to produce furniture. Rabbits, mink, raccoon dogs, foxes and wolves have become an industrial chain; the fur is used in the manufacture of clothing and the rabbit meat is processed for consumption. Small quantities of wolf meat are used in conjunction with herbs in the preparation of local, traditional medicines. The chain not only makes full use of the materials at hand, but also protects the environment. It has provided a boost to local employment and brings a reliable income to the previously impoverished residents. Now, the village is aiming to raise more rabbits, increasing the number from 30 million to 100 million during the next five years. For Xu, the move to the town has paid unexpected dividends. A decade ago, the family could not have supported a second child, but now her younger daughter, aged 4, is enrolled in a private kindergarten. "Moving to the city is a dream for many villagers. It not only means better living conditions, but also a brighter future for the next generation," she said.
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新技能帶來的新轉(zhuǎn)變 對于年輕一輩的“移民”農(nóng)牧民來說,離開農(nóng)村的生活在城市找到工作,是他們面臨的一個大問題。在內(nèi)蒙,政府除了為轉(zhuǎn)移農(nóng)牧民一份社保、一份補貼、一套住房以外,還提供了很多的免費培訓機會,為年輕人提供一份工作。眾多的農(nóng)牧民在城市化的新格局中走向市民的行列。 許春青是內(nèi)蒙數(shù)千個加入到城鎮(zhèn)化進程的村民。40歲的她是兩個孩子的媽媽。從前他們一家生活在庫布奇沙漠東端的達拉特旗,由于沙土不適合發(fā)展農(nóng)牧業(yè),許家僅靠夫妻二人在城里打工賺的微薄收入維持生計。許春青告訴我們:“我沒有什么學歷,在城里只能給人家洗碗。一天工作到半夜才能走,洗一整天,一個月也就只有1千多塊錢,非常累。” 2009年,她聽說東達蒙古王集團在東達投資,吸引附近農(nóng)戶養(yǎng)獺兔。抱著試試的心態(tài),許青春買下了72只兔子,4個月之后,這些兔子給她帶來了2千多塊錢的收入。這份不算累,收入又穩(wěn)定的工作讓她下定了辭去洗碗工的決心。之后,她從公司承包了兩個兔舍,一年大概能出欄6千只獺兔。獺兔毛可以做衣服,肉可以加工出售。短短的幾年,許家現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)住上了城里的大房子,而她一年的收入也高達10萬元,比當?shù)仄胀ü珓?wù)員收入還要高。 東達蒙古王集團投資3億多元用于生態(tài)建設(shè),拉動12萬戶農(nóng)牧民增收致富;新農(nóng)村建設(shè)資金已投入35億元;現(xiàn)已形成了面向市場的路橋、房地產(chǎn)、絨毛、新型農(nóng)牧產(chǎn)業(yè)、酒店服務(wù)、林沙草、文化等七大產(chǎn)業(yè)。在東達移民村,超過一半的移民戶都成為了東達集團的獺兔養(yǎng)殖戶。據(jù)了解,整個集團的獺兔養(yǎng)殖將從現(xiàn)在的年出產(chǎn)3千萬,增加至5年后的1億只,帶動更多居民致富。 為了充分利用當?shù)氐淖匀毁Y源,東達集團還鼓勵農(nóng)戶參與種植沙柳,這種極易成活的沙漠植物是獺兔的主要飼料,也是建材的重要原料。沙柳僅需扦插就能成活,并且越折生長越快。種植沙柳不僅能有豐厚的效益,同時對防風固沙也產(chǎn)生了明顯的作用。 許春青告訴我們:“城鎮(zhèn)化對很多生活在條件艱苦地區(qū)的農(nóng)牧民來說都是一個多年的夢想。10年前,我都不敢想家里能養(yǎng)得起兩個孩子。現(xiàn)在我都有錢給家里買車,小女兒也在城里私立幼兒園讀書,這些都是我們生活越變越好的例子。城鎮(zhèn)化不僅僅帶給了農(nóng)民更好的生活,還給下一代帶去了希望?!保ㄓ浾?王浩 楊萬麗 楊芳)
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