日韩精品久久一区二区三区_亚洲色图p_亚洲综合在线最大成人_国产中出在线观看_日韩免费_亚洲综合在线一区

Global EditionASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
Culture
Home / Culture / Heritage

Golf: China's ancient game?

By Bob Robertson | China Daily Asia | Updated: 2017-11-06 09:48
Share
Share - WeChat

 

A mural painting of Yuan dynasty-era chuiwan is preserved on the wall of a Water God Temple in Hungtung county, Shanxi province. The painting depicts a Mongolian official (on the left, wearing a fur hat), Han officials and assistants. The sticks and devices are fairly identical to those of modern golf. [Photo provided to China Daily]

 

The Scots may well have codified golf as we know it – including, after a few false starts, making it a game of 18 holes. But the jury's still out on who first came up with the idea of an open-air game that involves using a stick to hit a ball towards a target. The Romans played a game called paganica, in which a ball stuffed with feathers and wool was hit with a bent stick, while the Dutch played a stick-and-ball game called colf as early as the 13th century.

 

Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty at Leisure portrays the emperor playing chuiwan. [Photo/The Palace Museum]

 

But the most intriguing – and in many ways convincing – documented evidence of an early version of golf comes from China. A game called chuiwan (捶丸) – chui meaning to hit and wan meaning ball – became popular in the Song dynasty (960–1279) and was featured in paintings as late as the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Players used ten clubs to hit wooden balls towards brightly coloured flags – sound familiar? They had a club for long distances, a precursor of the modern-day driver, and the tee was called the ji (基), or base in Chinese. 

There was even an early equivalent of the R&A Rules of Golf: the Wan Jing (丸經) or Classic of the Ball, published during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It lays out the rules, and places great emphasis on sportsmanship and correct behaviour – echoes of modern golf, where etiquette is such an important element of the game. There's also a reference in an ancient book to a magistrate of the Southern Tang dynasty (937–976) telling his daughter to "dig holes in the ground" so he could hit a ball into them using a special stick.

 

Ming Dynasty painter Du Jin's painting portrays women playing chuiwan in court. [Photo/Shanghai Museum]


The old imperial paintings show clubs bearing a striking similarity to modern golf equipment – long, narrow shafts with distinct heads for striking the ball. One depicts the Ming dynasty's Emperor Xuanzong playing chuiwan on a course that's clearly marked out with flag sticks and that looks identical to a modern putting green. 

The game seems to have died out in China during the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), while golf as we know it today was first played in Scotland in the 15th century. (It was even briefly banned by James II of Scotland in 1457 because it distracted players from learning archery – a skill required for the army.) The first rules of golf were drawn up by the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers in Muirfield in 1744. Ten years later, the Society of St Andrews Golfers, the forerunner of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, was formed and became the governing body.

 

Patrick Reed of the United States plays his shot from the first tee during round two of The Northern Trust at Glen Oaks Club on August 25, 2017 in Westbury, New York. [Photo provided to China Daily]


The debate over who got there first will go on as long as the game is played, but at least two things are certain. First, chuiwan, played by Chinese emperors 1,000 years ago, certainly qualifies as a royal and ancient game. And second, it was definitely the Scots who invented that other great golfing tradition: the 19th hole – that moment when you step up to the bar in the clubhouse and order a dram of whisky to erase the memory of the last putt that got away. 

 

Most Popular
Top
BACK TO THE TOP
English
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
主站蜘蛛池模板: 天天爽天天碰狠狠添 | 亚洲一区二区在线播放 | 免费一级在线 | 激情婷婷综合 | 亚洲精品久久久久一区二区三区 | 欧美日韩一区二区三区在线观看 | 日本簧片在线观看 | 精品一区二区三区免费 | 偷拍自拍成人 | 成人淫片免费视频95视频 | 精品黄网| 亚洲国产一区二区视频 | 国产美女啪啪 | 日韩国产在线 | 天海翼视频在线 | 欧美亚洲视频在线观看 | 国产精品国产a | 日本久久网 | 国产精品视频网 | 欧美一区二区三区大片 | 狠狠草视频 | 日韩激情视频 | 91久久艹| 日韩亚洲一区中文字幕在线 | 一区二区中文 | 国产乱色精品成人免费视频 | 免费看黄在线网站 | 欧美一区二区三区中文字幕 | 奇米狠狠色 | 欧美成人一区二区三区在线视频 | 国产精品久久久久久日本 | 婷婷影音| 1024app成人无限观看 | 国内精品久久久久久久久久久久 | 国产精品美女久久久久aⅴ国产馆 | 国产精品成人av | 国产视频中文字幕 | 九九视频高清视频免费观看 | 成人午夜精品视频在线观看 | 乱淫毛片| 成人午夜视频一区二区国语 |