日韩精品久久一区二区三区_亚洲色图p_亚洲综合在线最大成人_国产中出在线观看_日韩免费_亚洲综合在线一区

Global EditionASIA 中文雙語(yǔ)Fran?ais
Culture
Home / Culture / Heritage

Golf: China's ancient game?

By Bob Robertson | China Daily Asia | Updated: 2017-11-06 09:48
Share
Share - WeChat

 

A mural painting of Yuan dynasty-era chuiwan is preserved on the wall of a Water God Temple in Hungtung county, Shanxi province. The painting depicts a Mongolian official (on the left, wearing a fur hat), Han officials and assistants. The sticks and devices are fairly identical to those of modern golf. [Photo provided to China Daily]

 

The Scots may well have codified golf as we know it – including, after a few false starts, making it a game of 18 holes. But the jury's still out on who first came up with the idea of an open-air game that involves using a stick to hit a ball towards a target. The Romans played a game called paganica, in which a ball stuffed with feathers and wool was hit with a bent stick, while the Dutch played a stick-and-ball game called colf as early as the 13th century.

 

Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty at Leisure portrays the emperor playing chuiwan. [Photo/The Palace Museum]

 

But the most intriguing – and in many ways convincing – documented evidence of an early version of golf comes from China. A game called chuiwan (捶丸) – chui meaning to hit and wan meaning ball – became popular in the Song dynasty (960–1279) and was featured in paintings as late as the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Players used ten clubs to hit wooden balls towards brightly coloured flags – sound familiar? They had a club for long distances, a precursor of the modern-day driver, and the tee was called the ji (基), or base in Chinese. 

There was even an early equivalent of the R&A Rules of Golf: the Wan Jing (丸經(jīng)) or Classic of the Ball, published during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It lays out the rules, and places great emphasis on sportsmanship and correct behaviour – echoes of modern golf, where etiquette is such an important element of the game. There's also a reference in an ancient book to a magistrate of the Southern Tang dynasty (937–976) telling his daughter to "dig holes in the ground" so he could hit a ball into them using a special stick.

 

Ming Dynasty painter Du Jin's painting portrays women playing chuiwan in court. [Photo/Shanghai Museum]


The old imperial paintings show clubs bearing a striking similarity to modern golf equipment – long, narrow shafts with distinct heads for striking the ball. One depicts the Ming dynasty's Emperor Xuanzong playing chuiwan on a course that's clearly marked out with flag sticks and that looks identical to a modern putting green. 

The game seems to have died out in China during the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), while golf as we know it today was first played in Scotland in the 15th century. (It was even briefly banned by James II of Scotland in 1457 because it distracted players from learning archery – a skill required for the army.) The first rules of golf were drawn up by the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers in Muirfield in 1744. Ten years later, the Society of St Andrews Golfers, the forerunner of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, was formed and became the governing body.

 

Patrick Reed of the United States plays his shot from the first tee during round two of The Northern Trust at Glen Oaks Club on August 25, 2017 in Westbury, New York. [Photo provided to China Daily]


The debate over who got there first will go on as long as the game is played, but at least two things are certain. First, chuiwan, played by Chinese emperors 1,000 years ago, certainly qualifies as a royal and ancient game. And second, it was definitely the Scots who invented that other great golfing tradition: the 19th hole – that moment when you step up to the bar in the clubhouse and order a dram of whisky to erase the memory of the last putt that got away. 

 

Most Popular
Top
BACK TO THE TOP
English
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
主站蜘蛛池模板: 中文字幕一区二区三 | 天天操夜夜操天天操 | 日本久久久久久 | 日韩欧美在线观看视频 | 亚洲午夜精品A片久久不卡蜜桃 | 在线午夜 | 国产深夜福利在线观看网站 | 超级碰97| 99精品在线观看 | 电影长安道无删减免费看 | 丁香花成人另类小说 | 啪啪小视频网站 | 日a在线| 日韩一级片在线观看 | 亚洲特级aaaaaa毛片 | 在线国产欧美 | 九九色网站 | 欧美人妖channelsantini同性 | 91精品久久久久久久久久 | 人人干人人爱 | 亚洲国产日韩欧美在线 | 久久久综合 | 色五月婷婷成人网 | 男女啪啪高清无遮挡 | 亚洲国产精久久久久久久 | 美女扣下面流白浆丝袜 | 99在线这精品视频 | 亚洲一级片| 不卡一二三区 | 全色网站| 日韩精品无码一区二区三区 | 看中国国产一级毛片真人视频 | 欧美影院 | 91成人小视频 | 亚洲精品美女久久久 | 成人精品视频一区二区三区 | 亚洲综合亚洲综合网成人 | 久久一级| 国产精品久久久久久久久久大牛 | www.天天操| 亚洲精品久中文字幕 |