Qiang people either play kouxian solo, or as an ensemble. While most of the melodies performed by kouxian are love songs, some tunes express praise for heroes and/or heroines. During traditional festivals, professional kouxian players are invited to Qiang communities to perform — as part of the celebration.

Inheriting Musical Charm

Ma Guoguo, an ethnic Yi woman, works in southwest China's Yunnan Province. When Ma was young, she watched her grandmother play kouxian. Little Ma was curious as to how the tiny instrument could produce such lively melodies. Ma began learning how to play kouxian from her grandmother when she was in primary school. She also listened to music programs on the radio, so she could improve her performing skills.